طراحی و تبیین الگوی برنامه درسی شهروند جهانی در آموزش عالی ایران؛ رویکرد میان‌رشته‌ای
الموضوعات : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
زهرا رشیدی
1
(استادیار گروه نوآوری آموزشی و درسی، مؤسسۀ پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: میان‌رشته‌ای, شهروند جهانی, الگو برنامه درسی, آموزش عالی,
ملخص المقالة :
پژوهش حاضر با مرور وضعیت کنونی برنامه درسی عمومی دانشگاهی که از بعد هدف تربیت شهروند مسئول را بر عهده دارد به ارائه الگویی جهت طراحی برنامه درسی میان‌رشته‌ای در این حوزه پرداخته است. پژوهش در پارادایم آمیخته اکتشافی با رویکرد (کیفی-کمی) انجام شد. در بخش کیفی، مطالعه و شناسایی زمینه‌های تربیت شهروند جهانی در برنامه درسی دانشگاهی در ایران مدنظر بود. از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی از نوع تحلیل تماتیک (موضوعی) در دو سطح اسناد انتخابی و سرفصل‌های مصوب شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی استفاده شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، تحلیل محتوا، فیش‌برداری و چک‌لیست بود. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش تحلیل اسنادی استفاده شد. در بخش کمی، از روش تحقیق توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی استفاده و جامعۀ آماری، متخصصان حوزۀ علوم تربیتی دارای مدرک دکتری به‌عنوان اعضای هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه‌های (سراسری دولتی و آزاد اسلامی) شهر تهران به تعداد 145 نفر بود. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با پایایی به ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 91/0 و روایی محتوا، سازه است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون خی‌دو و فریدمن استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها در بخش کیفی سیستم برنامه‌درسی عمومی، متمرکز و نوع سازمان‌دهی آن نیز مبتنی بر رویکرد هنجاری دیسیپلین محوری است. اکثر مطالب مرتبط با مؤلفه‌های جهانی‌شدن، اغلب ارتباط غیرمستقیم دارند و از وجوه ایجابی، خنثی و سلبی، وجه خنثی غالب است. ازاین‌رو، الگوی برنامه درسی شهروند جهانی مبتنی بر رویکرد میان‌رشته‌ای در پنج گام اصلی که مشتمل بر عناصر اصلی برنامه درسی (اهداف، محتوا، روش‌های تدریس و ارزشیابی) بر اساس سه مؤلفه دانش، مهارت و نگرش در دو سطح کلان و خرد طراحی شد. در سطح کلان، رویکرد برنامه درسی تلفیقی (ادغام) و در سطح خرد رویکردهای (عمودی، وسیع و آموزشی) استفاده شد.
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