ویژگیهای برنامه‌های درسی در عصر جهانی شدن و بین‌المللی کردن برنامه درسی
الموضوعات : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیرحیمه منصوری گرگر 1 , اکبر صالحی 2 , عفت عباسی 3
1 - آموزش و پرورش
2 - دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
3 - دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: برنامه درسی, جهانی شدن, بین‌المللی کردن برنامه درسی,
ملخص المقالة :
اگر جهانی شدن، فرآیندی در حال رخداد پنداشته شود که آگاهی در آن نقش اساسی دارد، آن‌گاه بازخوانی جهانی شدن و چگونگی طراحی برنامه‌های درسی برای افزایش آگاهی فراگیران در باره آن اهمیت می‌یابد. از سوی دیگر بین‌المللی‌کردن برنامه درسی مفهومی جدید و در حال تحول است که به ویژه از اوایل قرن بیست و یکم در ادبیات برنامه درسی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. علی‌رغم اهمیت و جایگاه چنین ایده‌ای، برداشت‌ها و تفسیرها از این واژه‌ها در بسیاری از ممالک به ویژه ایران توأم با ابهام، سردرگمی و عدم شفافیت است. مقاله حاضر در راستای بررسی این مفهوم در ادبیات برنامه درسی با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای و از طریق بررسی مقالات پژوهشی و مروری از ژورنال‌ها و مجلات خارجی و داخلی در پایگاه‌های داده‌ای مختلف تلاش کرده تا برداشت‌های مختلف از این واژه‌ها را مفهوم‌پردازی کرده و نمونه‌ای از برنامه‌های درسی را در زمینه جهانی شدن و بین‌المللی کردن معرفی نماید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بایستی میان جهانی شدن و بین‌المللی کردن برنامه‌های درسی تمایز قائل شد. اثرات واقعی تحولات ناشی از جهانی شدن و و بین‌المللی کردن برنامه درسی البته تحولات هم‌زمان با آن می‌بایست مورد توجه متخصصان آموزش و پرورش و البته برنامه ریزان درسی قرار گیرد. عناصر برنامه های درسی در این عصر تحت تأثیر تحولات یاد شده، از ویژگی هایی برخوردار می گردد که آن را از سایر برنامه های پیشین متمایز می سازد. این ویژگی ها در مورد عناصر اصلی برنامه شامل هدف، محتوا، روش و ارزشیابی در این نوشته مورد اشاره قرار گرفت. همچنین لازم است براساس فرهنگ، زمینه و متن هر جامعه‌ای رویکردها و برنامه‌های خاص مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (2009). Internationalization of the curriculum: A practical guide to support Canadian universities’ efforts, Retrieved April 13, 2014, from
http://www.aucc.ca/_pdf/english/publications/curriculum-primer_e.pdf
Atashak, Mohammad; Nowrooz Zadeh, Reza; Gahremani, Mohammad; Abolghassemi, Mahmoud & Farasat Khah, Maghsood (2013). The Study of the Consequences and Mechanisms of Globalization on Higher Education Curriculum. Research in Curriculum Planning, 10 (11), 37-45, [Persian].
Attaran M (2004). Globalization, Information Technology and Education. Tehran, the Institute of Toseaye Fanavary Amozeshi Madares Hoshmand, [Persian].
Ayati, Mohsen (2008). Social Foundations of curriculum in globalization. In the Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Globalization & Localization Curriculum: Challenges and Opportunities. October 2008, Mazandaran University, [Persian].
Azizi, Ali & Sheykh Morady, Mahvash (2014). Globalization and E-Learning in higher education. In Proceedings of the First International Conference Management, Bushehr: the Institute of Safiraneh Farhangi Mobin, [Persian].
Banks, J. A. (2004). Approaches to multicultural curriculum reform. In J. A. Banks & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (5th Ed.) (pp. 242-264). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Behjati ardakani, fatemeh; Yarmohhamadian, Mohhamad h.; Foroughi Abari, Ahmad Ali & Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh (2012). Comparative Study of Internationalization of Higher Education Curricula in a Number of Countries. Research in Curriculum Planning, 9(6), 80-92, [Persian].
Bond, S. (2003a). Engaging educators: Bringing the world into the classroom: Guidelines for practice. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Bureau for International Education.
Brown, T. (1999). Challenging globalization as discourse and phenomenon. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 18(1), 3-17.
Bremer, L., & van der Wende, M. (1995). Internationalizing the curriculum in higher education: Experiences in the Netherlands. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Nuffic.
Camicia, S. P., & Zhu, J. (2011). Citizenship education under discourses of nationalism, globalization, and cosmopolitanism: Illustrations from China and the United States. Frontiers of Education in China, 6(4), 602-619.
Camicia, Steven P.; Zhu, Juanjuan. Synthesizing Multicultural, Global, and Civic Perspectives in the Elementary School Curriculum and Educational Research. The Qualitative Report 2012 Volume 17, Article 103, 1-19.
Carnoy, Martin; Rhoten, Diana (2002). What Does Globalization Mean for Educational Change? A Comparative Approach, the Comparative and International Education Society.
Cheng, Y.C. (2000). A CMI-Triplization paradigm for reforming education in the new millennium. International Journal of Educational Management. 14(4), 156-174.
Clifford, V. and Joseph, C. (2005). Definitions: what does internationalization of the curriculum mean? Report of the Internationalisation of the Curriculum Project, Melbourne, Higher Education Development Unit, Monash University.
Collis, B., & Moonen, J. (2001). Flexible learning in a digital world. London: Kogan Page.
Diba Vajary, T. (2013). the internationalization of the curriculum of higher education in Iran: intercultural barriers and challenges facing. the National Conference on Multicultural Education, Urmia, West Azerbaijan province of Iran Curriculum Studies Association, [Persian].
Fathi Vajargah, K; Ebrahimzadeh, J.; Farajollahi, M; Khoshnoudifar, M. (2012). Internationalization of the curriculum in Higher Education: Challenges and Strategies. Journal of Education of Shahid Chamran University, 6(2), pp. 45-66, [Persian].
Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh (2013). Curriculum to the new identities: a description of contemporary theories of curriculum. Tehran, Ayeezh Press, [Persian].
Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh ; Zarea , Ozra, & Yamani, Mohammad (2009) .International Barriers of University Curricula and Higher Education Institutions from the Perspective of Faculty Members. Quarterly Of Research And Planning In Higher Education, 54, 63-82, [Persian].
Hudzik, J. K. (2014). Comprehensive internationalization. Taylor & Francis.
Knight, J., (1999). ‘Internationalization of higher education’ in OECD. Quality and Internationalization in Higher Education, pp.13–28, Paris, OECD.
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.
Knight, J. (2008) Higher education in turmoil: The changing world of internationalization. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Leask, B. (2001). Bridging the gap: Internationalizing university curricula. Journal of Studies in International Education, 5(2), 100-115.
Leask, B. (2016). Internationalizing Curriculum and Learning for All Students. In Global and Local Internationalization (pp. 49-53). SensePublishers.
Mehrotra, Ch., David Hollister, C., McGahey, L (2001), Distance learning principles for effective design delivery, and evaluation, Sage publication.
Mestenhauser, J. A. (2002a). Critical, creative and comparative thinking in an internationalized curriculum. In S. Bond & C. Bowry (Eds.), Connections and complexities: The internationalization of higher education in Canada (Occasional Paper Series in Higher Education No. 11, pp. 53-77). Winnipeg: The University of Manitoba, Centre for Higher Education Research and Development.
Mestenhauser, J. A. (2002b). The utilization of foreign students in internationalization of universities. In S. Bond & C. Bowry (Eds.), Connections and complexities: The internationalization of higher education in Canada (Occasional Paper Series in Higher Education No. 11, pp. 13-27). Winnipeg: The University of Manitoba, Centre for Higher Education Research and Development.
Morin E (2004), seven complex lessons in education for the future, translated by Mohammad Yamani Dozi Sorkhabi, Tehran: Shahid Beheshty University [Persian].
Niehaus, E., Koziol, S. M., John, F. F., Schweighofer, A., Greenberg, J. D., & Williams, L. (2013). A Comprehensive Approach to Internationalizing Teacher Education.
Oliver, R (2002), the role of ICT in higher education for the 21st Century: ICT as a change agent for education. In the Proceedings of the Higher Education for the 21st Century Conference (Miri, 24-26 September, 2002). Sarawak: Curtin University.
http://elrond.scam.ecu.edu.au/oliver/2002/he21.pdf [viewed 28 Oct 2011]
Ornstein A., Hunkins F (2005). Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues. Translated by Mohammad Ghodsi Ahgar, Tehran, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch [Persian].
Paige, R. M. (2004). Instrumentation in intercultural training. In D. Landis, J. M. Bennett, & M. J. Bennett (Eds). Handbook of intercultural training Third edition (pp. 85-128). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Paige, Michael .Global Perspectives: Practical Approaches to Internationalizing the Curriculum. The Queen’s Cross Faculty Teaching Forum April 27 and 28, 2009.
Peelo, M., & Luxon, T. (2007). Designing embedded courses to support international students' cultural and academic adjustment in the UK. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(1), 65-76.
Pinar, William F. (2003a). Introduction. In Donna Trueit, William E. Doll, Jr., Hongyu Wang, & William F. Pinar (Eds.), the internationalization of curriculum studies (pp. 1–13). New York: Peter Lang.
Pinar, William F. (2004). What is curriculum theory? Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Priestley, M. (2002). Global discourses and national reconstruction: the impact of globalization on curriculum policy. Curriculum Journal, 13(1), 121-138.
Rutherford, AlineGermain; Kerr, Barbara, an Inclusive Approach to Online Learning Environments: Models and Resources, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE April 2008 ISSN 1302-6488 Volume: 9 Number: 2 Article 2.
Sabouri Khosroshahi, Habib (2010). Education in the era of globalization, challenges and strategies to deal with it. 1(1), globalization Strategic Studies (pp. 153-196), Islamic Azad University of giamdasht, [Persian].
Sarkar Arany, Mohammadreza (2004). The Digital Gap. Tehran, Nashreh Madraseh Press, [Persian].
Sawyer, R. D. (2010). Curriculum and international democracy: A vital source of synergy and change. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 26(1), 22-38.
The University of British Columbia. (2006, April 11). Bridge to the 21st century: Internationalization at UBC. Retrieved June 20, 2008, from
http://www.trek2000.ubc.ca/supp_docs/bridge.html
University of Minnesota, the Global Programs and Strategy Alliance (GPS Alliance) (2014). Internationalizing the Curriculum and Campus: Global ... Retrieved January 2, 2014, from
global.umn.edu/ICC/index.html
Wartzman, Rick (2013).What Globalization Really Means. Access 10,2013 from
http://business.time.com/2013/10/23/what-globalization-really-means/
Waters, M. (1995). Globalization. London: Routledge.
Williams, Sherri (2014). Internationalization of the Curriculum. A Remedy for International Students' Academic Adjustment Difficulties?
http://web.uvic.ca/~sherriw/ last visit Wednesday, January 1 - 2014
