مقایسۀ سبکهای¬دلبستگی، سرسختی روان¬شناختی و نشاط¬ذهنی در کودکان¬کار و عادی 7 تا 17 سال در شیراز
الموضوعات :
فریبا تابع بردبار
1
(دانشیار گروه روان شناسی،دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران،ایران)
لیلا فتوح آبادی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کودکان کار, کودکان عادی, 7 تا 17 سال, سبکهای دلبستگی, سرسختی روانشناختی, نشاط ذهنی,
ملخص المقالة :
کودکان کار بهعنوان یکی از اقشار آسیبپذیر جامعه که به اقتضای شرایط زندگی و خانوادگی خود بهاجبار رو به خیابان آوردهاند، بنا به گواه بسیاری از پژوهشها در معرض آسیبهای جسمی و روحی فراوانی قرار دارند. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسۀ سبکهای دلبستگی، سرسختی روانشناختی و نشاط ذهنی کودکان کار و کودکان عادی شیراز، انجام شد. طرح پژوهش، علی-مقایسهای بود. با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری در دسترس 48 کودک 7 تا 17 سال (24 کودک کار و 24 کودک عادی)، انتخاب شدند. ابزار این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه سبکهای دلبستگی بزرگسالان هازن و شیور (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) پرسشنامة سرسختی اهواز (Kiamarsi, Najarian, & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, 1998) و پرسشنامة نشاط ذهنی ریان و فردریک (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) بود. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامهها، دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزارSpss، با آزمون تی و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایجنشان داد که میان سبکهای دلبستگی دو گروه تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (P<0/05). کودکان کار در سبکهای دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا وضعیت مناسبی نداشتند. نتایج آزمون tنشان داد که از نظر سرسختی روانشناختی و نشاط ذهنی میان دو گروه تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد. به طور کلی زندگی در شرایط سخت خانوادگی و اجتماعی میتواند به تضعیف متغیرهای روانی اثرگذار بر رشد و سلامت روان بینجامد. همچنین غفلت عاطفی ناشی از کار کودکان در شرایط نابسامان خانوادگی میتواند به تداوم مشکلات روانی و رفتاری آنان منجر شود.
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