Chemical composition of the essential oil, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo seeds collected from northeastern Iran
الموضوعات :
Hashem Akhlaghi
1
(Department of Chemistry, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: GC/MS, Hexadecanoic acid, Elemol, antioxidant activity, <i>Vitex pseudo-negundo</i>,
ملخص المقالة :
In this study, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the seeds of Vitex pseudo-negundo (Verbenaceae), growing wild in Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Province (Iran), were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The mean yield of total volatile oils was 0.8% (w/w). Thirty seven compounds representing 92.4% of the seed oil were identified. The main components of the oil were hexadecanoic acid (8.0%), elemol (7.0%) and α-bisabolol (6.1%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.2%). The total flavonoids of different extracts of the plant, were found the range 56-195 mg/g, with the maximum amount being in the methanol extract. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured by radical scavenging activity of antioxidants against the free radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It was found that the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Vitex pseudo-negundo seed are higher than those of the standard synthetic antioxidants, BHT, ascorbic acid and gallic acid.
Adams, R.P., 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Allured Pub. Corp., Carol Stream, IL., USA.
Amarowicz, R., Pegg, B.R., Rahimi-Moghaddam, P., Bar, B., Weil, J.A., 2003. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food Chem. 84, 551-562.
Azar, P.A., Torabbeigi, M., Tehrani, M.S., 2011. The investigation of essential oil of Vitex pseudo-negund with different analytical methods: Hydrodistillation, SFME, HS-SPME and MA-HS-SPME. J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants 14, 755-760.
Chen, C., Pearson, M.A., Gray, I.J., 1992. Effects of synthetic antioxidants (BHA, BHT and PG) on the mutagenicity of IQ-like compounds. Food Chem. 43, 177-183.
Chouhan, H. S., Sridevi, K.,Singh, N. K. and Singh, S. K., 2012. Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Vitex glabrata leaves. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 25(1), 131-134.
Hadj Mohammadi, M.R., Afif, A.A., Rezaee, M.B., 2006. Chemical composition of leaf, flower and fruit oil of Vitex pseudo-negundo (Hausskn.) hand.-mzt. from Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res. 18, 308-309.
Mensor, L.I., Menezes, F.S., Leitao, G.G., Reis, A.S., Dos Santos, T., Coube, C.S., Leitao, S.G., 2001. Screening of Brazilian plants extracts for antioxidants activity by use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother. Res. 15, 127-130.
Moghadam, M.S., Maleki, S., Darabpour, E., Motamedi, H., Seyyed Nejad, S.M., 2010. Antibacterial activity of eight Iranian plant extracts against methicillin and cefixime restistant Staphylococcous aureus strains. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 3, 262-265.
Mohsen, M.S., Ammar, S.M.A., 2008. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of corn tassel extracts. Food Chem. 112, 595-598.
Motamedi, H., Darabpour, E., Gholipour, M., Nejad, S.M.S., 2010. In vitro assay for the anti-brucella activity of medicinal plants against tetracycline-resistant Brucella melitensis. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B 11, 506-511.
Mozaffarian, V., 1996. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhang Moaser Publischer, Tehran, 1st ed., p 491.
Mozdianfard, M., Akhbari, M., Batooli, H., 2012. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of the different extracts and the composition of the oil extracted by n-hexane from Iranian Vitex pseudo-negundo. Nat. Prod. Res., 26(23), 2162-2167.
Rechinger,K.H., 1986. Sclerorhachis, in: Flora Iranica, Compositae No. 158. ed., K.H. Rechinger and I.C. Hedge, P 47, Akademische Druck and Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria.
Rohman, A., Riyanto, S., Yuniarti, N., Saputra, W.R., Utami, R., 2010. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavaonoid of extracts and fractions of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Int. Food Res. J. 17, 97-106.
Safaei-Ghomi, J., Meshkatalsadat, M.H., 2010. Nano scale injection for the determination of volatile organic components of Vitex pseudo-negundo using various extraction techniques. Dig. J. Nanomater. Bios. 5, 207-213.
Sahaf, B.Z., Moharramipour, S., 2008. Fumigant toxicity of Carum copticum and Vitex pseudo-negundo essential oils against eggs, larvae and adults of Callosobruchus maculatus. J. Pest Sci. 81, 213-220.
Sahaf, B.Z., Moharramipour, S., Meshkatalsadat, M.H., 2008. Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Vitex pseudo-negundo against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 11, 175-179.
Seyyednejad, S.M., Motamedi, H., 2010. A review on native medicinal plants in Khuzestan, Iran with antibacterial properties. Int. J. Pharmacol. 6, 551-560.
Singleton, V.L., Orthofer R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Meth. Enzymol. 299, 152-178.
Sridevi, V.K., Chouhan, H.S., Singh, N.K., Singh, S. K., 2012. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Vitex glabrata on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Nat. prod. Res. 26(12), 1135-1140.
Stojkovic, D., Sokovic, M., Glamoclija, J., Dzamic, A., Ciric, A., Ristic, M., Grubisic, D., 2011.Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils. Food Chem., 128(4), 1017-1022.
Svecova, E., Proietti, S., Caruso, C., Colla, G., Crino, P., 2013. Antifungal activity of Vitex agnus-castus extract against Pythium ultimum in tomato. Crop Prot. 43, 223-230.
Tayebee, R., Filehkesh, E., Amani, V., 2007. Study of the oil constituents extracted from leaf, flower and gramineous stipes of Vitex pseudo-negundo. Asian J. Chem. 19, 1772-1776.
