Genetic variability of agronomic traits and biodiversity in the genus Ocimum

الموضوعات :

Rajendra P. Patel ¹ , Rakshapal Singh ² , Raj Kishori Lal ³ , Pankhuri Gupta ⁴ , Anju Kesarwani ⁵ , Nitu Goyal ⁶

1 - Biology Central Facility, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India
2 - Biology Central Facility, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India
3 - Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India
4 - Department of Bio-technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India
5 - Biology Central Facility, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India
6 - Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (U.P.), PIN-226015, India

تاريخ الإرسال : 10 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 11 السبت , رمضان, 1439 تاريخ الإصدار : 17 الجمعة , رمضان, 1439

الکلمات المفتاحية: Path coefficient analysis, Chemodiversity, Genetic advance, heritability, <i>Ocimum</i>,

ملخص المقالة :

The present study was performed to explore genetic and chemotypic variability among five Ocimum species. Genotypes were evaluated from pooled data over three locations for two consecutive years (2007-2009). High genotypic coefficient variation and phenotypic coefficient variation was observed for leaf area (63.55 and 63.80, respectevely), essential oil yield (40.37 and 41.0, respectevely) and leaf width (33.91 and 39.29, respectevely). Maximum heritability estimate in broad sence was observed for leaf area (99.20%) and leaf length (98.79%) and essential oil (98.36%). High genetic advance over mean was observed for the essential oil yield (80.59%), leaf width (74.43%), leaf length (69%) and essential oil content (64.71%). In addition, path coefficient analysis showed maximum positive direct effects of plant canopy (4.21), leaf width (3.8), followed by essential oil (2.49%) and fresh herb yield (0.95). The essential oils of Ocimum species were grouped in four chemical groups of compounds. The accessions of O. tenuiflorum, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum were found to be rich with phenylpropanoids.The results clearly showed variation in important economic traits can facilitate selection for further improvement inOcimum genotypes.

المصادر:

Ahmad, S., Khaliq, I., 2002. Morpho-molecular variability and heritability in Ocimum sanctum genotypes from Northern Himalayan regions of Pakistan. Pak J. Biol. Sci. 5, 1084-1087.

Acquaah, G., 2012. Principles of plant genetics and breeding, 2nd Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.

Burton, G.W., Devane, E., 1953. Estimating heritability in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) from replicated clonal material. Agron. J. 45, 478-481.

Clevenger, J.H., 1928. Apparatus for the determination of volatile oil. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 17, 346.

Cochran, W.G., Cox, G.M., 1957. Experimental designs 2nd Ed., New York, Wiley.

Dabholkar. A., 1999. Elements of Bio Metrical Genetics (Revised and Enlarged Edition). Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, India.

Dewey, D.R., Lu, K., 1959. A correlation and path-coefficient analysis of components of crested wheatgrass seed production. Agron. J. 51, 515-518.

Falconer, D.S., Mackay, T.F., Frankham, R., 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (4th Ed.), Trends in Genet. 12, p. 280.

Hanson, C., Robinson, H., Comstock, R., 1956. Biometrical studies of yield in segregating populations of Korean Lespedeza. Agron. J. 48, 268-272.

Harley, R., Heywood, C., 1992. Chromosome Numbers in Tropical American Labiatae. In: R. Harley, M., Reynolds, T., (Ed.). Advances in Labeateae Science. Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens London. 211-246.

Holm, Y., 1999. Bioactivity of Basil. In Basil: The Genus Ocimum. Hiltunen, R., Holm, Y., (Ed.). Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 113-135.

Ibrahim, M., Aboud, K., Hussein, R., 2011. Genetic variability and path coefficient analysis in sweet basil for oil yield and its components under organic agriculture conditions. J. Am. Sci. 7. 150-157.

Javanmardi, J., Khalighi, A., Kashi, A., Bais, H., Vivanco, J., 2002. Chemical characterization of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) found in local accessions and used in traditional medicines in Iran. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 5878-5883.

Joshi, R.K., 2017. Phytoconstituents, traditional, medicinal and bioactive uses of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.): A review. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 6(2), 261-264.

Kumar, J., Solanki, R.K., 2014. Evaluation of lentil germplasm for agromorphological traits. J. Food Legume. 27(4), 275-280.

Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H., Comstock, R., 1955. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations in soybeans and their implications in selection. Agron. J. 47, 477-483.

Kumar, R.R., Reddy, L., Patel, R.P., 2012. Genetic association for oil yield and its component traits in different Ocimum species. Elect. J. Plant Breed. 3, 794-799.

Lal, R.K., Gupta, P., Gupta, V., Sarkar, S., Singh, S. 2013. Genetic variability and character associations in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash). Ind. Crops Prod. 49, 273-277.

Lal, R.K., Sarkar, S., Zaim, M., 2017. Genotype environment interaction, rhizome yield stability and selection for region specific stable genotypes in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Trends Phytochem. Res. 1(2), 93-102.

Lal, R.K., Singh, S., Gupta, P., Dhawan, S.S., Sarkar, S., Verma, R.K., 2017. Quantification of ursolic acid, correlations and contribution by other traits towards accumulation of ursolic acid in six Ocimum species. Trends Phytochem. Res. 1(1), 39-46.

Lal, R.K., Chanotiya, C.S., Gupta, P., Sarkar, S., Singh, S., Maurya, R., Srivastva, S., Chaudhary, P.K., 2018. Phenotypic stability, genotype × environmental interactions, and cultivar recommendations for essential oil yield in khus aromatic grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty). Ind. Crops Prod. 111, 871-877.

Liang, G.H., Walter, T., 1968. Heritability estimates and gene effects for agronomic traits in grain sorghum, Sorghum vulgare Pers. Crop Sci. 8, 77-81.

Mahajan, V., Gupta, A., Khehra, A., 1995. Path analysis in maize over diverse environments. Int. J. Trop. Agric. 13, 97-101.

Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R., Giovanelli, E., 1996. Differences in essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Italian cultivars related to morphological characteristics. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 3926-3929.

Mirzaie Nodoushan, H., Rezaie, M.B., Jaimand, K., 2001. Path analysis of the essential oil‐related characters in Mentha spp. Flav. Frag. J. 16, 340-343.

Misra, H.O., Lal, R.K., Gupta, A.K., Kumar, B., Misra, A.N., Sarkar, S., Gupta, V., Singh, S., Gupta, P., Zaim, M.,  Singh, V.R., 2013. Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for economic traits in Bishop's weed (Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. Ind. Crops Prod. 49, 593-597.

Panse, V., 1957. Genetics of quantitative characters in relation to plant breeding. Indian J. Genet. 17, 318-328.

Patel, R.P., 2015. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of germplasm collection of Ocimum species. PhD Thesis,University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.

Patel, R.P., Singh, R., Saikia, S.K., Rao, B.R.R., Sastry, K.P., Zaim, M., Lal, R.K., 2015. Phenotypic characterization and stability analysis for biomass andessential oil yields of fifteen genotypes of five Ocimum species. Ind. Crops Prod. 77, 21-29.

Patel, R.P., Singh, R., Rao, B.R.R., Singh, R.R., Srivastava, A., Lal, R.K., 2016. Differential response of genotype × environment on phenology, essential oil yield and quality of natural aroma chemicals of five Ocimum species. Ind. Crops Prod. 87, 210-217.

Paton, A., 1992. A synopsis of Ocimum L. (Labiatae) in Africa. Kew Bulletin. 47, pp. 405-437.

Pushpangadan, P., Bradu, B.L., 1995. Basil. In: Chadha, K.L. & Gupta, R. (Editors): Advances in Horticulture. Vol. 11. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pp. 627-657.

Rao, B.R.R., Kothari, S.K., Rajput, D.K., Patel, R.P., Darokar, M.P., 2011. Chemical and biological diversity in fourteen selections of four Ocimum species. Nat. Prod. Commun. 6, 1705-1710.

Sarkar, S., Lal, R.K., Verma, R.K., 2017. Quantification of β-carotene, aucubin content, their associations and contribution to other economic traits in Plantago germplasm. Trends Phytochem. Res. 1(4), 215-226.

Senatore, F., 1996. Influence of harvesting time on yield and composition of the essential oil of a thyme (Thymus pulegioides L.) growing wild in Campania (Southern Italy). J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1327-1332.

Simon, J.E., Quinn, J., Murray, R.G., 1990. Basil: A Source of Essential Oils. In Advances in New Crops: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on New Crops: Research, Development, Economics. Janick J, Simon JE (Ed.). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, pp. 484-489.

Shukla, S., Bhargava, A., Chatterjee, A., Srivastava, A., Singh, S.P., 2006. Genotypic variability in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L) for foliage yield and its contributing traits over successive cuttings and year. Euphytica 151(1), 103-110.

Silva, M. Goretti V., Vieira, Ícaro G. P., Mendes, Francisca N. P., Albuquerque, Irineu. L., Santos, Rogério N. dos., Silva, Fábio O., Morais, Selene M., 2008. Variation of ursolic acid content in eight Ocimum species from Northeastern Brazil. Molecules 2008, 13(10), 2482-2487.

Singh, B., 1983. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Singh, R.K., Chaudhary, B.D., 1979. Variance and Covariance Analysis. In. Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, India, p. 57.

Singh, S., Lal, R.K., Gupta, A.K., Sarkar, S., Chandra, R., Gupta, P., Lahiri, R., Rai, S., 2015. Genetic variability, associations, and path analysis among most economic traits in red sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). J. Herb. Spices. Med. Plants 21, 173-181.

Singh, S., Lal, R.K., Maurya, Ranjana., Chanotiya, C.S., 2017. Genetic diversity and chemotype selection in genus Ocimum. JARMAP,doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2017.11.004.

Srivastava, A., Gupta, A.K., Sarkar, S., Lal, R.K., Yadav, A., Gupta, Pankhuri, Chanotiya, C.S., (2018). Genetic and chemotypic variability in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) germplasm towards future exploitation. Ind. Crops Prod. 112, 815-820.

Mohammadhosseini, M., 2017. The ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological properties and medicinal applications of essential oils and extracts of different Ziziphora species. Ind. Crops. Prod. 105, 164-192.

Mohammadhosseini, M., Sarkar, S.D., Akbarzadeh, A., 2017. Chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts of Achillea Species and their biological activities: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 199, 257-315.