Non-Destructive Assessment of Concrete Quality Produced with Riverbed Sand and Drainage Sand as Fine Aggregates
الموضوعات :Aderemi__A__Alabi Alabi 1 , Ayobami__Eniola__Agboola Agboola 2 , Joseph__Olawale__Akinyele Akinyele 3 , Victor Makinde 4
1 - Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
2 - Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
3 - Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
4 - Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
الکلمات المفتاحية: Concrete, Concrete Quality, Fine Aggregate, Non-Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity,
ملخص المقالة :
In this work, the effect of fine aggregates from two different sources on the quality and strength of concrete was determined using UPV measurements. The concrete samples were produced using a nominal mix ratio of 1: 1½: 3 and water-cement ratio of 0.55, with three different aggregate sizes (3/8, ½ and ¾ inches) of granite mixed separately with sand obtained from Ogun river and a local drainage in Abeokuta, Southwestern, Nigeria. UPV was measured through each sample on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after curing using Pundit lab+ equipment. Comparison of the actual compressive strength and estimated compressive strengths from equations generated for each sample type using the crushed samples on the 7th and 28th days respectively shows that most estimations were within the acceptable ±20% variation. Results show that there is no significant difference between the samples made from using either of the two fine aggregates.
[1] Birgul, R., Hilbert Transformation of Waveforms to Determine Shear Wave Velocity in Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 39, 2009, pp. 696–700.
[2] Hamidian, M., Shariati, M., Arabnejad, M. M. K., and Sinaei, H., Assessment of High Strength and Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Properties Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Technique, Int. J. Phys. Sci., Vol. 6, No. 22, 2011, pp. 5261–5266.
[3] Hobbs, B., Tchoketch, K., Nondestructive Testing Techniques for The Forensic Engineering Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, Forensic Science Inter-national, Vol. 167, No. 2-3, 2007, pp. 167-172, doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.06.065.
[4] International Atomic Energy Agency, (IAEA), Training Course Series, Guide Book on Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Structures, No. 17, 2002, pp. 100-127.
[5] Uday, B., Application of Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity Techniques for Concrete Quality Measurements, NBMCW, 2001, http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/23866-techniques-for-concrete-quality-measurements.html.
[6] Lorenzi, A., Reginato, L. A., Fávero, R. B., Carlos, L., and Filho, S., 3D Ultrasonic Tomography Technique as a tool to Evaluate Concrete Structures, EJ. Nondestr. Test., Vol. 21, 2016.
[7] Ali, B. A., Assessment of Concrete Compressive Strength by Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Test, University of Baghdad, 2008, pp. 3.
[8] Jones, R., Facaoaru, I., Recommendations for Testing Concrete by The Ultrasonic Pulse Method, Materials and Structures, Vol. 2, No. 10, 1969, pp. 275–284.
[9] Kar, A., Halabe, U. B., Ray, I., and Unnikrishnan, A., Nondestructive Characterizations of Alkali Activated Fly Ash And/Or Slag Concrete, Eur. Sci. J., Vol. 9, No. 24, 2013,
[10] Singh, G., Siddique, R., Effect of Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) as Partial Replacement of Sand on The Strength, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Permeability of Concrete, Constr. Build. Mater, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2012, pp. 416–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.041.
[11] Qixian, L., Bungey, J. H., Using Compression Wave Ultrasonic Transducers to Reassure the Velocity of Surface Waves and Hence Determine Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity for Concrete Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1996, pp. 237-242.
[12] Breysse, D., Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Strength: An Historical Review and A New Perspective by Combining NDT Methods, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 33, 2012, pp. 139-163, ISSN 0950-0618, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.103.
[13] Corneloup, G., Garnier, V., Etude D'uneméthodeultrasonoreadaptée À La Mesure De L'endommagement des Bétons: Étudebibliographiqueet Analyse des Solutions, Contrat IUT-EDF, 1995.
[14] Ajagbe, W. O., Tijani, M. A., and Oyediran, I. A., Engineering and Geological Evaluation of Rocks for Concrete Production, Lautech Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2017, pp. 67-79.
[15] Langer, W. H., Knepper, D. H., Geologic Characterization of Natural Aggregate: Afield Geologist Guide to Natural Aggregate Resource Assessment, Open File Report, 1995, pp. 95-582.
[16] Mehta, P. K., Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete Microstructure, Properties and Materials, McGraw Hill, 2006.
[17] Solís-Carcaño, R., Moreno, E., Evaluation of Concrete Made with Crushed Limestone Aggregate Based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2008, pp. 1225-1231.
[18] Hillger, W., Imaging of Defects in Concrete by Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Technique, Proc. Struct. Faults and Repairs 93, Eng. Technics Press, Edinburgh, Vol. 3, 1993, pp. 59–65.
[19] Kroggel, O., Ultrasonic Examination of Crack Structures in Concrete Slabs, Proc. Struct. Faults and Repairs 93, Eng. Technics Press, Edinburgh, Vol. 3, 1993, pp. 67–70.
[20] Sack, D. A., Olson, L. D., Advanced NDT Methods For Evaluating Concrete Bridges and Other Structures, Proc. Struct. Faults and Repairs 93, Eng. Technics Press, Edinburgh, Vol. 1, 1993, pp.65–76.
[21] Rajagopalan, P. R., Prakash, J., and Naramimhan, V., Correlation Between Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Strength of Concrete, Indian Concrete J., Vol. 47, No. 11, 1973, pp. 416-418.
[22] Pessiki, S. P., Carino, N. J., Setting Time and Concrete Strength Using the Impact-Echo Method, ACI Mater. J., Vol. 85, 1989, pp. 389–399.
[23] Demirboga, R., Turkmen, I., and Karakoc, M. B., Relationship Between Ultrasonic Velocity and Compressive Strength for High-Volume Mineral-Admixture Concrete, Cem. Concr Res., Vol. 34, 2004, pp. 2329–2336.
[24] Yıldırım, H., Sengul, O., Modulus of Elasticity of Substandard and Normal Concretes, Constr. Build. Mater, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2011, pp. 1645–1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.10.009.
[25] Qasrawi, H. Y., Concrete Strength by Combined Non-Destructive Methods Simply and Reliably Predicted, Cem. Concr. Res., Vol. 30, 2000, pp. 739–746.
[26] Amiri, M., Tabatabaee Ghomi, M., and Liaghat, Gh., Non-Destructive Evaluation of Glass-Epoxy Composite Using Impact-Echo Method, Int J of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, pp. 85-91.
[27] Heydari Vini, M., Farhadipour, P., Fabrication of AA1060/Al2O3 Composites by Warm Accumulative Roll Bonding Process and Investigation of Its Mechanical Properties, Int J of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2017, pp. 91–98.
[28] Sturrup, V., Vecchio, F., and Caratin, H., Pulse Velocity as A Measure of Concrete Compressive Strength, Situ/Nondestructive Testing of Concrete, ACI SP-82, 1984, pp. 201-227.
[29] Ravari, A. K., Othman, I. B., and Ibrahim, Z. B., Finite Element Analysis of Bolted Column Base Connection Without and With Stiffeners. Int. J. Phys. Sci., Vol. 6, No. 1, 2011, pp. 1-7.
[30] Walker, S., Bloem, D. L., Effects of Aggregate Size on Properties of Concrete, ACI Journal, Proceedings, Vol. 57, No. 3, 1960, pp. 283-298.
[31] Cordon, W. A., Gillespie, H. A., Variables in Concrete Aggregates and Portland Cement Paste Which Influence the Strength of Concrete, ACI Journal, Proceedings, Vol. 60, No. 8, 1963, pp. 1029-1052.
[32] Ezeldin, A. S., Aitcin, P. C., Effect of Coarse Aggregate on The Behavior of Normal and High-Strength Concretes, Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, CCAGDP, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1991, pp. 121-124.
[33] Zhou, F. P., Lydon, F. D., and Barr, B., Effect of Coarse Aggregate on Elastic Modulus and Compressive Strength of High-Performance Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Elsevier, 1995,
[34] Ajamu, S. O., Ige, J. A., Effect of Coarse Aggregate Size on The Compressive Strength and The Flexural Strength of Concrete Beam, Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2015, pp. 2248-2267.
[35] Abdullahi, M., Effect of Aggregate Type on Compressive Strength of Concrete, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, pp. 791-800.
[36] Buertey, J. T., Atsrim, F., and Ofei, W. S., An Examination of the Physiomechanical Properties of Rock Lump and Aggregates in Three Leading Quarry Sites Near Accra, American Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 6, 2018, pp. 264-275.
[37] NIS 11, Specification for Ordinary Portland Cement, Standards Organisation of Nigeria, 1974.
[38] NIS 444-1, Composition, Specification and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements, Standards Organization of Nigeria, 2003.
[39] NIS 447, Methods of Testing Cement-Determination of Setting Time and Soundness, Suite 1, 24 Greenville Estate Badore, Lekki-Ajah, Lagos Nigeria, 2003.
[40] NIS 455, Methods of Testing Cement-Taking or Preparing Samples of Cement, Suite 1, 24 Greenville Estate Badore, Lekki-Ajah, Lagos Nigeria, 2003.
[41] BS 12, British Specification for Portland Cement. British Standard Institution, London, 1996.
[42] EN 197-1, Standard Test Method for Ordinary Portland Cement, European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Brussels, 2000.
[43] BS 112., Determination of Properties of Fine Aggregate BSI, Linfordwood, MiltonKeynes MK14 6LE, U. K, 1971.
[44] BS 933: 1, Determination of Particle Size Distribution-Sieving Method, BSI, 1997.
[45] Anum, I., Williams, F. N., Adole, A. M., and Haruna, A. C., Properties of Different Grades of Concrete Using Mix Design Method, IJGAES., Vol. 2 No. 6, 2014.
[46] Aminur, M. R., Harunur, D., Teo, C., L. and Abu, Zakir, M. M., Effect of Aggregates and Curing Conditions on The Compressive Strength of Concrete with Age,UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2010, pp. 1– 6.
[47] Ji-Hwan, A., Jeong-Hee, N., Soo-Ahn, K., and Sung-Ho, J., Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Shear Wave Velocity Geotechnical Special Publication. GeoHunan International Conference, No. 196, 2009, pp. 154-164.
[48] BS 1881, Testing Concrete: Recommendations for Measurement of Velocity of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete Part 203, 1986.
[49] ASTM-C597, Standard Test Method Pulse Velocity Through Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.
[50] Brown, 2011, http://www.tc3.edu/instruct/sbrown/stat/shape.htm.
[51] Lizarazo-Marriaga, J., LópezYépez, G. L., Effect of Sedimentary and Metamorphic Aggregate on Static Modulus of Elasticity of High-Strength Concrete- Dyna, Year 78, Nro., Vo. 170, 2011, pp. 235-242. Medellin. ISSN 0012-7353.
[52] IS: 13311 (Part-1), Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete – Methods of Tests, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, India, 1992.