Fracture Toughness of HVOF Thermally Sprayed WC-12Co Coating in Optimized Particle Temperature
الموضوعات : Mechanical EngineeringM. Jalali Azizpour 1 , M. Salehi 2
1 - Department of Mechanics, Ahvaz branch
Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Genetic Algorithm, S/N, WC-Co, HVOF, fracture toughness,
ملخص المقالة :
In this paper the fracture toughness of WC-12Co coatings in optimum particle temperature in high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process have been studied by means of Vickers indentation. Multiple linear regression model applying Minitab, were used to determine the relationship and interaction between HVOF parameters and particle temperature. For genetic algorithm optimization, the signal to noise ratio was applied as a functional output of design of experiments. The results of validation test show a good agreement between obtained optimum condition and the results of genetic algorithm. The fracture toughness obtained by Vickers indentation shows the direct effect of particle temperature on coating toughness. The maximum amount of signal-to-noise using the genetic algorithm for velocity and temperature is 53.07 and -64.62, which equals 450.2 m/s and 1702ºC respectively. The results show that the Fracture toughness of WC-12Co deposited by LPG fuel in smallest level of temperature is 2.83MPa(m)1/2 compared to 1.32MPa(m)1/2 in highest temperature. The spray watch diagnostic system, micro-hardness test, Vickers indentation, X-Ray diffraction, EDS and scanning electron microscopy have been used for this purpose.
[1] Jalali Azizpour, M., Nourouzi, S., “Evaluation of Thorough Thickness Residual Stress in WC-Co Coating using Electro Discharge Hole Drilling Method”, Iranian Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, 2012, pp. 9.
[2] Picas, J. A., et al., “Influence of HVOF Spraying Parameters on the Corrosion Resistance of WC–CoCr Coatings in Strong Acidic Environment”, Surface and Coatings Technology, 2013, Vol. 225, pp. 47-57.
[3] Jalali Azizpour, M., Nourouzi, S., “Evaluation the Effect of Process Parameter on the Velocity of HVOF Thermally Sprayed WC-Co Particles”, Iranian Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, 2012, pp. 6.
[4] Nourouzi, S., M. Jalali Azipour, and Salimijazi, H. R., “Parametric Study of Residual Stresses in HVOF Thermally Sprayed WC–12Co Coatings”, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014, pp. 9.
[5] Aixin, F., Yongkang, Zh, Huakun, Xie., “Characterization of Interfacial Adhesion and Bond Strength Between thin Film Coating and Substrate by Scratch Testing”, Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 24, No. 2, 2003, pp. 15-18.
[6] Hua, Ch., Maozhong, Yi, and Kewei, Xu, “Bonding Strengths of PCVD Films under Cyclic Loading”, J. Surface and Coatings Technology, 1995, Vol. 74, pp. 253-258.
[7] Eaton, H. E., Novak, R. C., “A Study of the Effects of Variations in Parameters on the Strength and Modulus of Plasma Sprayed Zirconia”, Journal of Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1986, pp. 257-267.
[8] ASTM C633-79 Standard “Test Method for Adhesion of Cohesive Strength of Flame-Sprayed Coatings”, [S]. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993.
[9] Oliver, W. C., Pharr, G. M., “Measurement of Hardness and Elastic Modulus by Instrumented Indentation: Advances in under-standing and Refinements to Methodology”, J. Mater. Res., Vol. 19, 2004, pp. 3–20.
[10] Kruzic, J. J., Kim, D. K., Koester, K. J., Richie, R. O., “Indentation Techniques for Evaluating the Fracture Toughness of Biomaterials and Hard Tissues”, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2, 2009, pp. 384–395 (2009)
[11] Ranade, A. N., Krishna, L. R., Li, Z., Wang, J., Korach, C. S., and Chung, Y. W., “Relationship Between Hardness and Fracture Toughness in Ti-TiB2 Nanocomposite Coatings”, Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 213, 2012, pp. 26–32.
[12] Drory, M. D., Hutchinson, J. W., “Measurement of the Adhesion of a Brittle Flm on a Ductile Substrate by Indentation”, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 452, 1996, pp. 2319–2341.
[13] Chicot, D., Démarécaux, Ph., and Lesage, J., “Apparent Interface Toughness of Substrate and Coating Couples from Indentationtests”, Thin Solid Films 283, 1996, pp. 151–157.
[14] Marot, G., Lesage, J., Démarécaux, Ph., Hadad, M., Siegmann, St., and Staia, M. H., “Interfacial Indentation and Shear Tests to Determine the Adhesion of Thermal Spray Coatings”, Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 201, 2006, pp. 2080–2085.
[15] Qi, H., Yang, X., and Wang, Y., “Interfacial Fracture Toughness of APS Bond Coat/Substrate under High Temperature”, Int. J. Fract., 157, 2009, pp. 71–80.
[16] Mohammadi, Z., Ziaei-Moayyed, A. A, Mehdi-Mesgar, A.S., “Adhesive and Cohesive Properties by Indentation Method of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings”, Journal of Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 253, 2007, pp. 4960-4965.
[17] Chivavibul, P., Watanabe, M., Kuroda, S., and Shinoda, K., “Effects of Carbide Size and Co Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties if HVOF-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings”, Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 202, No. 3, 2007, pp. 509-521.
[18] Chivavibul, P., Watanabe, M., Kuroda, S., “Effect of Powder Characteristics on Properties of Warm-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings”, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1-2, January 2010, pp. 81.
[19] Kamnis S., Gu S., “Study of In-Flight and Impact Dynamics of Nonspherical Particles from HVOF Guns”, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1-2, January 2010, pp. 31-42.
[20] Ranjit, R., “A Primer on the Taguchi Method”, Second ed. 1990, Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
[21] Borgnakke, C., Sonntag, R. E., “Fundamentals of Thermodynamics”, Seventh ed, 2009: Don Fowley.
[22] Li, M., Christofides, P. D., “Multi-scale Modeling and Analysis of an Industrial HVOF Thermal Spray Process”, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 60, No. 13, 2005, pp. 3649-3669.
[23] Li, M., D. Shi, and Christofides, P. D., “Modeling and Control of HVOF Thermal Spray Processing of WC–Co Coatings”, Powder Technology, Vol. 156, No. 2–3, 2005, pp. 177-194.
[24] Karpiola K., “High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, Alloys and Cermet Powders in HVOF Thermal Spraying”, Doctoral thesis, Helsiniki University of Technology, 2004.
[25] Crowe, C. T., et al., “Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles”. Second ed. 2012, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
[26] Bazargan, A., “Applied Linear Regression”, Third ed. 2012: Shiraz University.
[27] Melanie M., “AnIntroduction to Genetic Algorithms, A Bradford Book the MIT Press Cambridge”, London, England 5th Printing, 1999.
[28] Khameneh Asl Sh. “Study of the Effect of the Indentation Time and Load on Fracture Toughness and Crack Morphologies in WC-17Co Thermally Sprayed HVOF Coating”, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 465-466, 2004, pp. 301-306.
[29] Ansatis, G. R., Chantikul, P., Lawn, B. R., and Marshall, D. B., “A Critical Evaluation of Indentation Techniques for Measuring Fracture Toughness: I, Direct Crack Measurement”, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 64, 1981, pp. 532-538.
[30] Zh. Yin, Sh. Tao, “Evaluating Microhardness of Plasma Sprayed Al2O3 Coatings using Vickers Indentation Technique”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 40, No. 22.
[31] Sheikh, S., “Fracture Toughness of Cemented Carbides: Testing Method and Microstructural Effects”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 49, March 2015, pp. 153-160.
[32] Guilmany J.M., Dosta S., Nin J., and Minguel J.R., ''Study of Proerties of WC-Co nanostructured Coatings Sprayed by High Velocity Oxyfuel'', Vol. 14,2005,405-412.
[33] Guilemay, J. M., Nutting, J., and De Paco, J. M., “Characterization of Three WC12Co Powders and the Coatings Obtained by High Velocity Oxy fuel Soraying”, Proc, Fourth European Conf. Adv. Materials process, 1995, Assoc, Itallian Dimetallurgica, 1996, pp. 395-398.
