An Intelligent Knowledge Based System for CO2 Laser Beam Machining for Optimization of Design and Manufacturing
الموضوعات :
Morteza Sadegh Amalnik
1
(Mechanical Engineering Croup, Department of Engineering, University of Qom, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Design, Optimization, Manufacturing, Intelligent knowledge based system, CO2 LBM,
ملخص المقالة :
This paper addresses the concept of CO2 Laser beam machining (LBM) and development of intelligent knowledge base system (IKBS) for CO2 LBM. Feature based design is used for acquiring design specification. For optimization of laser beam machining computer based concurrent engineering environment is used. The IKBS is linked to feature base cad system. The IKBS is also linked to material database which holds attributes of more than 50 types of materials. It is also linked to Laser database which holds attributes of 3 types of laser machine. IKBS is also linked to Laser machine variables and parameters. For each design feature, IKBS provides information such as machining cycle time and cost and machining rate. By changing machine parameters, we can optimize machining cycle time and cost and cutting rate. The IKBS can be used as an advisory system for designers and manufacturing engineers. It can also be used as a teaching program for new CO2 laser operators in computer based concurrent engineering environment.
[1] Meijer J., “Laser Beam Machining (LBM), State of the Art and New Opportunities”, Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 149, No. 1-3, 2004, pp 2-17
[2] Chryssolouris, G., “Laser Machining: Theory and Practice -Springer”, Berlin. 1991.
[3] Chen, X., Liu, X., “Short Pulsed Laser Machining: How Short is Short Enough?”, . Journal. Laser Applications. Vol.11, No. 6, 1999, pp. 268–272.
[4] Bosman, J., “Laser Engraving Processes”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Twente, 1010.
[5] Semak, V., “Laser Drilling: From Milli to Femto, Laser Solutions Course”, in: Proceedings of the ICALEO, Jacksonville, 2001, pp. 1-9.
[6] Ohmura, E., Miyamoto, I., “Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Laser Ablation of Metals and Silicon”, International Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering. Vol. 34, No. 4, 1998, pp. 248-253.
[7] Ishizaka, Y., Watanabe, K., Fukumoto, I., Ohmura, E., and Miyamoto, I., “Three-Dimensional Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Laser Materials Processing of Silicon”, in: Proceedings of the ICALEO98, 1998, pp. A55-A63.
[8] Ohmura, E., Fukumoto, I., Miyamoto, I., “Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Laser Ablation and Thermal Shock Phenomena”, In: Proceedings of the ICALEO, 1998, pp. A45-A54.
[9] Ohmura, E., Fukumoto, I., “Study on Fusing- and Evaporating Process of Fcc Metal Due to Laser Irradiation Using Molecular Dynamics”, International Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering. Eng. Vol. 30, No. 1, 1996 , pp. 47–48.
[10] Meijer, J., Du, K.., Gillner, A., Hoffmann, D., Kovalenko, T. Matsunawa, V. S., Ostendorf, A., Poprawe, R., and Schulz, W., “Laser Machining by Short and Ultrashort Pulses, State of the Art and New Opportunities in the Age of Photons”, Ann. CIRP 51 2.
[11] McClung, F. J., Hellwarth, R. W., “Characteristics of Giant Optical Pulsations From ruby”, Proc. IEEE 51, 1963, pp. 46.
[12] Mocker, H. W., Collins, R. J., “Mode Competition and Self- Locking Effects in a Q-Switched Ruby Laser”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 7, 1965, pp. 270.
[13] Krausz, F., Brabec T., and Spielmann, C., “Self-Starting Passive Mode Locking”, Opt. Lett. 16, 1991, pp. 235.
[14] Guillot, D., “Microlasers, Photonics Spectra”, 32, 1998, pp143-146.
[15] Kovalenko, V. S., “Laser Technology”, Vyscha Schola, Kiev, 1989, pp. 280.
[16] Klimentov, S. M., Garnov, S. V., Kononenko, T. V,. Konov, V. I., Pivovarov, P. A., and Dausinger, F., “High Rate Deep Channel Ablative Formation by Picosecond–Nanosecond Combined Laser Pulses”, Appl. Phys. A 69, 1999, pp. 633-636.
[17] Yue T. M., Chan, T. W, Man, H. C., and Lau, W. S. “Analysis of Ultrasonic-Aided Laser Drilling Using Finite Element Method”, Annals of CIRP, Vol. 45, No.1, 1996, pp. 169-172.
[18] Leung, W. K. C., “Yung and W.B. Lee, A Study of Micro-Vias Produced by Laser-Assisted Seeding Mechanism in Blind Via Hole Plating of Printed Circuit Board”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 24, 2004, pp. 474–484.
[19] Rajurkar, K. P., Levy, G., Malshe, A., Sundaram, M. M., McGeough, J., Hu, X., Resnick R. and DeSilva, A., “Micro and Nano Machining by Electro-Physical and Chemical Processes”, Annals of CIRP, Vol. 55, No.2, 2006, pp. 643–666.
[20] De Silva, A. K. M., Pajak, P. T., Harrison D. K. and McGeough, J.A., “Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Laser Assisted jet Electrochemical Machining”, Annals of CIRP 53 (1), 2004, pp. 179-182.
[21] Heat affected zone, “Annals of CIRP”, Vol. 53, No.1, 2004, pp. 175–178.
[22] Li, L., Diver, C., Atkinson, J., Wagner, R. G., and Helml, H. J., “Sequential Laser and EDM Micro-Drilling for Next Generation Fuel Injection Nozzle Manufacture”, Annals of CIRP, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2006, pp. 179-182.
[23] Stephen, A., Sepold, G., Metev, S., and Vollertsen, F., “Laser-Induced liquid-Phase jet-Chemical Etching of Metals”, Journal ofMaterial Processing Technology, Vol. 149, No. 1-3, 2004, pp. 536-540.
[24] Ghany, K. A., Newishy, M., “Cutting of 1.2 mm Thick Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet Using Pulsed and CW Nd:YAG Laser”, Journal of Material Processing Technology 168, 2005, pp. 438–447.
[25] Yilbas, B. S., Devies R., and Yilbas, Z., “Study Into Penetration Speed During CO2 Laser Cutting of Stainless Steel”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 17, 1992, pp. 69–82.
[26] Lamikiz, A., Lacalle, L. N. L., Sanchez, J. A., Pozo, D., Etayo, J. M. and Lopez, J. M., “CO2 Laser Cutting of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS)”, Applied Surface Science, 242, 2005, pp. 362–368.
[27] Shanjin, L., Yang, W., “An Investigation of Pulsed Laser Cutting of Titanium Alloy Sheet”, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 44, 2006, pp. 1067-1077.
[28] Almeida, A., Rossi, W., Lima, M. S. F., Berretta, J. R., Nogueira, G. E. C., Wetter N. U., and Vieira, N. D., Jr., “Optimization of Titanium Cutting by Factorial Analysis of the Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Parameters”, Journalof MaterialsProcessingTechnology, Vol.179, No.1–3, 2006, pp. 105-110.
[29] Rao, B. T., Kaul, R., Tiwari, P., and Nath, A. K., “Inert Gas Cutting of Titanium Sheet With Pulsed Mode CO2 Cutting”, OpticsandLasersinEngineering, 43, 2005, pp. 1330-1348.
[30] Araujo, F. J., Carpio, D., Mendez, A. J., Garcia, M. P., Villar, R., Garcia, D., “Jimenez and L. Rubio, Microstructural Study of CO2 Laser Machined Heat Affected Zone of 2024 Aluminium Alloy”, Applied SurfaceScience 208–209, 2003, pp. 210–217
[31] Wang, X., Kang R., Xu, W., and Guo, D., “Direct Laser Fabrication of Aluminium-Alloy Slot Antenna Array”, in: Lst International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics (ISSCAA), 2006, pp. 5.
[32] Raval, A., Choubey, A, Engineer, C. and Kothwala, D., “Development and Assessment of 316LVM Cardiovascular Stents”, MaterialsScienceandEngineering, A 386, 2004, pp. 331–343.
[33] Kathuria, Y. P., “Laser Microprocessing of Metallic Stent for Medical Therapy”, Journal of Materials ProcessingTechnology, 170, 2005, pp. 545–550.
[34] Bandyopadhyay, S., Sundar, J. K. S., Sundarrajan, and S. V. Joshi, “Geometrical Features and Metallurgical G Characteristics of Nd:YAG Laser Drilled Holes in Thick IN718 and Ti–6Al–4V Sheets”, Journal of Materials ProcessingTechnology, Vol. 127, 2002, pp. 83–95.
[35] Bamforth, P., Williams, K. and Jackson, M. R., “Edge Quality Optimization for CO2 Laser Cutting of Nylon Textiles”, AppliedThermalEngineering, 26, 2006, pp. 403–412.
[36] Lootz, D., Behrend, D., Kramer, S., Freier, T. A., “Haubold, G. Benkieber, K.P. Schmitz and B. Becher, Laser Cutting: Influence on Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate”, Biomaterials, 22, 2001, pp. 2447–2452.
[37] Black, I., Livingstone, S. A. J. and Chua, K. L., “A Laser beam Machining (LBM) Database for the Cutting of Ceramic Tile”, JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology, 84, 1998, pp. 47–55.
[38] Werner, M., Ivaneko, M., Harbecke, D., Klasing, M., Steigerwald, H., Hering, P., “CO2 Laser Milling of Hard Tissue”, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 6435, 2007, pp. 64350E.
[39] Chen, S.-L., “The effects of High-Pressure Assistant-Gas flow on High-Power CO2 Laser Cutting”, Journalof MaterialProcessingTechnology, 88, 1999, pp. 57–66.
[40] Rajaram, J. S. Ahmad S. H., “Cheraghi, CO2 Laser Cut Quality of 4130 Steel”, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol. 43, 2003, pp. 351–358.
[41] Al-Sulaiman, F. A., Yilbas B. S. and Ahsan, M., “CO2 Laser Cutting of a Carbon/Carbon Multi-Lamelled Plain-Weave Structure”, Journal of Material Processing Technology, 173, 2006, pp. 345–351.
[42] Lum, K. C. P., Ng S. L. and Black, I., “CO2 Laser Cutting of MDF1. Determination of Process Parameter Settings”, Optics and Laser Technology, 32, 2000, pp. 67–76.
[43] Karatas, C., Keles, O., Uslan, I. and Usta, Y., “Laser Cutting of Steel Sheets: Influence of Workpiece Thickness and Beam Waist Position on Kerf Size and Stair Formation”, Journal of Material ProcessingTechnology, 172, 2006, pp. 22–29.
[44] Vitez, Z. I., “Laser Processing of Adhesives and Polymeric Materials for Microelectronics Packaging Applications”, Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing, 2000, pp. 289-295.
[45] Chen, S. L., “The Effects of Gas Composition on the CO2 Laser Cutting of Mild steel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 73, 1998, pp. 147-159.
[46] Li, L., Sobih, M.. and Crouse, P. L, “Striation-Free Laser Cutting of Mild Steel Sheets”, Annals of CIRP, Vol. 56, No.1, 2007, pp. 193-196.
[47] Tsai, C.-H., Chen, H.-W., “Laser Cutting of Thick Ceramic Substrates by Controlled Fracture Technique”, Journalof Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 136, 2003, pp. 166–173.
[48] Zhang, J. H., Lee, T.C., Ai X., and Lau, W. S., “Investigation of the Surface Integrity of Laser-Cut Ceramic”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 57, 1996, pp. 304-310.
[49] Dauer, S., Ehlert A., and Buttgenbach, S., “Rapid Prototyping of Micromechanical Devices Using Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser With Optional Frequency Doubling”, Sensors and Actuators, 76, 1999, pp. 381-385.
