Severe Plastic Deformation of Nanostructured Cu-30%Zn Tubes at Increased Temperatures
الموضوعات :V. Tavakoli 1 , Ghader Faraji 2 , M. Afrasiab 3 , M. M. Mashhadi 4
1 - University of Tehran, Iran
2 - University of Tehran
3 - University of Tehran, Iran
4 - University of Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: 23March 2016, Accepted: 14 June 2016, Revised: 28 May 2016,
ملخص المقالة :
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods were developed for producing of metals and alloys with ultrafine grained (UFG) microstructures having high strength. Parallel tabular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) as a noble severe plastic deformation (SPD) method was used to produce ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanostructured Cu-30%Zn tubes. In this paper, the effect of PTCAP process temperature on the deformation microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated using experimental tests. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate microstructural evolutions and fractured surface analysis. Microhardness and tensile tests were employed to mechanically characterize the PTCAP processed samples. The results showed the strength and the hardness decrease with increasing process temperature up to 100℃, but at 200℃, strength and hardness increase in comparison to that in 100℃. The rise in the strength and hardness of the sample processed at 200℃ compared to that at 100℃ is because of the partial recrystallization, forming new fine grains with high angle boundaries and twin boundaries. Twinning is dominant deformation mechanism of brass material in order to low stacking fault energy (SFE). Observations revealed that the failure mode in PTCAPed brass was a ductile rupture with the existence of deep dimples. It also indicates that the temperature has no obvious effect on the fracture mood.
[1] R. Z. Valiev, Developing SPD methods for processing bulk nanostructured materials with enhanced properties, Metals and Materials International, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2011, pp. 413-420,
[2] M. Zehetbauer, R. Grössinger, H. Krenn, M. Krystian, R. Pippan, P. Rogl, T. Waitz, R. Würschum, Bulk nanostructured functional materials by severe plastic deformation, Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 12, No. 8, 2010, pp. 692-700.
[3] R. Z. Valiev, T. G. Langdon, Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 51, No. 7, 2006, pp. 881-981.
[4] M. Honarpisheh, M. R. Aghili, M. Kotobi, Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Alloy 3003 Produced by Equal Channel Angular Rolling Process, Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 29-38.
[5] M. H. Shahsavari, F. Ahmadi, Evolution of Texture and Grain Size during Equal Channel Angular Extrusion of Pure Copper and 6012 Aluminum, Journal of Modern Processes in Manufacturing and Production, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2015, pp. 47-58.
[6] Z. Horita, T. Fujinami, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon, Improvement of mechanical properties for Al alloys using equal-channel angular pressing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 117, No. 3, 2001, pp. 288-292.
[7] S. H. Lee, Y. Saito, T. Sakai, H. Utsunomiya, Microstructures and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy processed by accumulative roll-bonding, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 325, No. 1–2, 2002, pp. 228-235.
[8] D. Terada, S. Inoue, N. Tsuji, Microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial purity titanium severely deformed by ARB process, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2007, pp. 1673-1681.
[9] M. Mesbah, G. Faraji, A. R. Bushroa, Characterization of nanostructured pure aluminum tubes produced by tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP), Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 590, No. 0, 2014, pp. 289-294.
[10] Y. Wang, P. Sun, P. Kao, C. Chang, Effect of deformation temperature on the microstructure developed in commercial purity aluminum processed by equal channel angular extrusion, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 50, No. 5, 2004, pp. 613-617.
[11]D. H. Shin, J.-J. Pak, Y. K. Kim, K.-T. Park, Y.-S. Kim, Effect of pressing temperature on microstructure and tensile behavior of low carbon steels processed by equal channel angular pressing, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 323, No. 1–2, 2002, pp. 409-415.
[12]H.-y. Li, J.-d. Hu, J. Li, G. Chen, X.-j. Sun, Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 6150 steel, Journal of Central South University, Vol. 20, 2013, pp. 866-870.
[13]G. Faraji, A. Babaei, M. M. Mashhadi, K. Abrinia, Parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP) as a new severe plastic deformation method for cylindrical tubes, Materials Letters, Vol. 77, 2012, pp. 82-85.
[14]G. Faraji, M. M. Mashhadi, H. S. Kim, Tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) as a novel severe plastic deformation method for cylindrical tubes, Materials Letters, Vol. 65, No. 19, 2011, pp. 3009-3012,.
[15]L. S. Tóth, M. Arzaghi, J. J. Fundenberger, B. Beausir, O. Bouaziz, R. Arruffat-Massion, Severe plastic deformation of metals by high-pressure tube twisting, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 60, No. 3, 2009, pp. 175-177.
[16]G. Faraji, M. Mashhadi, A. Bushroa, A. Babaei, TEM analysis and determination of dislocation densities in nanostructured copper tube produced via parallel tubular channel angular pressing process, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 563, 2013, pp. 193-198.
[17]K. Wang, N. R. Tao, G. Liu, J. Lu, K. Lu, Plastic strain-induced grain refinement at the nanometer scale in copper, Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, No. 19, 2006, pp. 5281-5291.
[18]S. Qu, X. H. An, H. J. Yang, C. X. Huang, G. Yang, Q. S. Zang, Z. G. Wang, S. D. Wu, Z. F. Zhang, Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Cu–Al alloys subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1586-1601.
[19]S. Pasebani, M. R. Toroghinejad, Nano-grained 70/30 brass strip produced by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 527, No. 3, 2010, pp. 491-497.
[20]X. Huang, N. Tsuji, N. Hansen, Y. Minamino, Microstructural evolution during accumulative roll-bonding of commercial purity aluminum, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 340, No. 1, 2003, pp. 265-271.
[21]L. E. Murr, E. A. Trillo, A. A. Bujanda, N. E. Martinez, Comparison of residual microstructures associated with impact craters in fcc stainless steel and bcc iron targets: the microtwin versus microband issue, Acta Materialia, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2002 pp. 121-131.
[22]N. A. Sakharova, J. V. Fernandes, Strain path change effect on dislocation microstructure of multicrystalline copper sheets, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 98, No. 1, 2006, pp. 44-50.
[23]M. Afrasiab, G. Faraji, V. Tavakkoli, M. M. Mashhadi, A. R. Bushroa, Excellent energy absorption capacity of nanostructured Cu–Zn thin-walled tube, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 599, 2014, pp. 141-144.
[24]W. H. Huang, C. Y. Yu, P. W. Kao, C. P. Chang, The effect of strain path and temperature on the microstructure developed in copper processed by ECAE, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 366, No. 2, 2004, pp. 221-228.
[25]A. Habibi, M. Ketabchi, M. Eskandarzadeh, Nano-grained pure copper with high-strength and high-conductivity produced by equal channel angular rolling process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 211, No. 6, 2011, pp. 1085-1090.
[26]M. T. Pérez-Prado, O. Ruano, Grain refinement of Mg–Al–Zn alloys via accumulative roll bonding, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 51, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1093-1097.
[27]G. Sakai, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon, Grain refinement and superplasticity in an aluminum alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 393, No. 1, 2005, pp. 344-351.
[28]G. Lai, W. Wood, R. Clark, V. Zackay, E. Parker, The effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of As-quenched 4340 steel, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 5, No. 7, 1974, pp. 1663-1670.
[29]R. A. Harding, C. Homer, B. Baudelet, Recrystallization of 70/30 brass during induction heating, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 15, No. 7, 1980, pp. 1804-1813.
[30]K. Hajizadeh, M. Tajally, E. Emadoddin, E. Borhani, Study of texture, anisotropy and formability of cartridge brass sheets, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 588, 2014, pp. 690-696,.
[31]M. A. Meyers, O. Vöhringer, V. A. Lubarda, The onset of twinning in metals: a constitutive description, Acta Materialia, Vol. 49, No. 19, 2001, pp. 4025-4039.
[32]V. Tavakkoli, M. Afrasiab, G. Faraji, M. M. Mashhadi, Severe mechanical anisotropy of high-strength ultrafine grained Cu–Zn tubes processed by parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP), Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 625, No. 0, 2015, pp. 50-55.
[33]H. Kurishita, H. Yoshinaga, H. Nakashima, The high temperature deformation mechanism in pure metals, Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1989, pp. 499-505.
[34]R. Ueji, N. Tsuchida, D. Terada, N. Tsuji, Y. Tanaka, A. Takemura, K. Kunishige, Tensile properties and twinning behavior of high manganese austenitic steel with fine-grained structure, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 59, No. 9, 2008, pp. 963-966.
[35]D. R. Fang, Q. Q. Duan, N. Q. Zhao, J. J. Li, S. D. Wu, Z. F. Zhang, Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of Al–Mg alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 459, No. 1–2, 2007, pp. 137-144.
[36]Y. G. Ko, D. H. Shin, K.-T. Park, C. S. Lee, An analysis of the strain hardening behavior of ultra-fine grain pure titanium, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 54, No. 10, 2006, pp. 1785-1789.
[37]A. Vinogradov, T. Ishida, K. Kitagawa, V. Kopylov, Effect of strain path on structure and mechanical behavior of ultra-fine grain Cu–Cr alloy produced by equal-channel angular pressing, Acta Materialia, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2005, pp. 2181-2192.
