ارزیابی اثرات توسعه گردشگری بر کاهش میزان فقر و توانمندسازی اقتصادی، مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان پارس آباد معان
الموضوعات :
بهروز محمدی یگانه
1
(دانشیارگروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
مهدی چراغی
2
(دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران)
ثریا نصیری
3
(کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی و گردشگری)
الکلمات المفتاحية: توسعه روستایی, شهرستان پارس آبادمغان, گردشگری روستایی, واژه‌گان کلیدی: گردشگری,
ملخص المقالة :
گردشگری بزرگ‌ترین صنعت خدماتی جهان ازنظر درآمدزایی شناخته‌شده است و تغییرات اقتصادی زیادی را در پی داشته است می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک صنعت اقتصادی توانمند تأثیر بسیاری بر اشتغال داشته باشد. در مقاله حاضر برای بررسی توسعه گردشگری بر کاهش میزان فقر و توانمندسازی اقتصادی خانوارها در روستاهای شهرستان پارس آباد پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش ازنظر نوع کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت انجام، توصیفی – تحلیلی و برای گردآوری داده ها از روش های کتابخانه ای و میدانی استفاده‌شده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، 13 روستا موردمطالعه در شهرستان پارس آباد می باشد که طبق فرمول کوکران 352 خانوار به‌عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری سیستماتیک پرسشنامه‌ها تکمیل شد..برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات و داده‌های spss و از روش های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی استفاده‌شده است. یافته تحقیق با استفاده از آزمون (ویلکامسون وt دوجفت)حاکی از آن است ، با استناد آماره t با مقدار(404/7 ) از میزان توسعه گردشگری و همه ابعاد (به جز بُعد کالبدی) با مقدار t میانگین:( 83/2) در زمان پس از توسعه گردشگری به‌صورت معنادار کاهش‌یافته است. از طرفی، میزان توسعه گردشگری با آماره t برابر با 404/7 در زمان پس از توسعه گردشگری کاهش‌یافته است. درنتیجه مقاله منطقه بیشتر باید برنامه ریزی لازم در جهت گسترش و گردشگری توسعه یابد. و می‌تواند به‌عنوان منبع درآمدزایی برای منطقه و کشور باشد و از فقر و بیکاری مردم بکاهد، واقعیت امر این است که صنعت گردشگری و توریسم نتوانسته در این منطقه موفقیت چندانی به دست آورد.
Refrences
Khaemi Asl, M, Soltani, A, Mostafavi, M, Zari Jodi Moshfagh, A (2017), A Comparative Study of the Concept of Poverty in Imamieh Jurisprudence and Conventional Economics; Islamic Economics Studies, Ninth Year, No. 2 (18th consecutive) Spring-Summer 2016, .(in persion).
.Bright, Adiyia. (2014). “Spatial analysis of Tourism Income distribution in The accommodation Sector in Western Uganda”. Tourism and Hospitality Research.
.Deller,s, (2010), RURAL POVERTY, TOURISM AND SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, doi:10.1016/j.annals.2009.09.01.
.Mshenga, P. M. Richardson, R. B. Njehia, B. K. & Birachi, E. A. (2010). The contribution of tourism to micro and small enterprise growth. Tourism Economics, 16(4), 953-964.
Abrahimi, Mehdi (2011), Income Poverty, Capability Poverty, and Social Exclusion: The Process of Delivering Concepts in Surveying Poverty and Deprivation, Social Security Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 45, pp. 40-41-43 .(in persion).
Adato,m, MICHAEL R,p, & JULIAN MAY,c (2006), Exploring Poverty Traps and Social Exclusion in South Africa Using Qualitative and Quantitative Data, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 42, No. 2, 226–247, February 2006, p. 229-230.
Asgari, M, Ghafourzadeh, H (2013), Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty Index in Islam and Conventional Economics, Two Islamic Economics Studies Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring and Summer 2014, pp. 53-82.(in persion).
Baggio and Sainaghi, (2011), Complex and chaotic tourism systems:towards a quantitative approach, March 2011: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,p2.
David J. Telfer, (2002), 81-111.
Farouki, Farika (2012), Formulation of Urban Design Criteria with a Culture-Based Recreation Approach for Promoting Cultural Tourism in Ancient Context Case Study: Part of the Historical Context of Sanandaj, MA Thesis in Urban Planning, Supervisor: Mahmood Nasiri, Ansari Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modarres University. (in persion).
Fattai, Mehri, Sidi, Frank, Fattai, Parisa (2014), Impact of Community-Based Empowerment Programs to Increase Social Capital of Khorramabad Residents.(in persion).
Ghadiri Masoum, M, Razvani, M, Jomehpour, M, Baghbani, H (2015), Leveling of Livelihoods in Mountain Tourism Villages Case: Upper Taleghan Village in Taleghan County, Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, Year Fourth, No. 2, Summer 2015. (in persion).
Gholizadeh, Mahdieh, (2016), Investigating the Impact of Tourism on Triangle, Poverty Inequality and Economic Growth, Journal of Tourism Management Studies, Volume 11, Issue 36, Winter 2016, pp. 160-125. (in persion).
Shahsavar, Golnaz, Rahmani, Bijan, Rahmani Fazani, Abdolreza (2016), Spatial distribution of poverty using cost and income on sustainable development of rural households (Case study: Rural areas of West Azerbaijan province), Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes In the human geography of the twelfth year, third issue, summer 1399. (in persion).
Darvishi, Reza, Rezaei, Mohammad Rezaei, Shamsuddin, Ali (2015), An Analysis of Coastal Tourism Development Capabilities in Deylam Port Using Quantitative Model, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, Tenth Year, No. 4.autumn 2016. (in persion).
Niti, Mohammad Reza (2016), Analysis and Study of the Role of Tourism Resources in the Sustainable Development of Tourism in Hyderabad, India, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, Twelfth Year, Issue 3, Summer 2016. (in persion).
Hejazi, A, Moderator, M, Rahimi, M, Mehrourz, A, (2016), Investigation of Aras River Canal Changes Using Russian Transect during 1987 to 2014 and Impact of Construction Mechanisms on River Route Correction (from Aslandoose) To Pars Abad), Environmental Geography, No. 20, Winter 2016.( in persion).
Iceland, J, Bauman, j, (2007), Income poverty and material hardship:How strong is the association? The Journal of Socio-Economics 36 (2007) 376–396,p378.
Izadi, Samad. Mohseni, Abbas (2014), Investigation of Staff Empowerment Paths in Mazandaran Education Offices and Presenting a Proper Model, New Approach in Educational Management Fall 2015, Sixth Issue, No. 6. Pages, 27-26.(in persion).
Jalalian, Hamid, Namdarie Faroush, Pasazadeh, Asghar (2014), The Impacts of Rural Tourism on Rural Development of Kaji Shahjah Kermanshah, Journal of Geosciences User Research, Fifteenth Year, No. 36, Spring 94. (in persion).
Khodad Kashi, Farhad, Heidari, Khalil (2009), Measuring Poverty Indicators Based on Nutrition Performance of Iranian Households, Economic Research Journal, Ninth Year, No. 3, Fall 2009.(in persion).
Lopez-Mosquera, N. & Sanchez, M. (2011). Emotional and satisfaction benefits to visitors as explanatory factors in the monetary evaluation of environmental goods. An application to periurban green spaces. Land Use Policy, 28, Pp151-166.
Matiie Langroodi, Seized Hossein and Mahra Nosrati, (2011). Feasibility of Tourism Development in Rural Areas of Tourist Camps. (in persion).
Mihalič, T, 2002, Tourism and development: Concept and Issues. Chapter 3:
Mirmohammadi, M, Hassanpour, D, Ghasemi Bonaberi, H (2013), Key Factors of Employee Empowerment Success, Quarterly Journal of Management Studies (Quarterly), Number 83, Spring 2016, pages, 93 114-.(in persion).
Morales Fernández, (2012l), Tourism as an Alternative to the Development for Rural Areas and the Creation of Employment, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 20 [Special Issue – October 2012.
Mostafavi, M., Hooshmand, M., Mohaghegh, A. (2011). The Impact of Tourism on Poverty Reduction in Iran, First National Conference 1. Tourism and Kurdish Nature of Iran Zamin, Hamedan. (in persion).
Mousavi, Mir Najaf, Abdollah Zadeh, Mehdi, Kashkol, Ali (2016), Presenting a System Analysis Model with a Systematic Approach in Tourism Planning (Case Study: Maku City), Volume 48, Number 1.(in persion).
Nasrpour, M, Mousavi, N, Sepahvand, R (2018), Investigating the Impact of Non-Therapeutic Factors on Health Tourism Development, Journal of Tourism and Development, Seventh Year, Third Issue, Fall, p. 215. (in persion).
Navabakhsh, M, Azkia, M, Vosoughi, M, Sadat Mashrae Barzareh, Z (2015), Assessment of Factors Affecting Empowerment (Case Study: Vulnerable Women in Tehran), Economics and Management Journal Shapa town: 2345-22870.(in persion).
Okech. R. Haghiri, M. george, B,(2012), rural tourism as a sustainable development alternative: an analysis with special reference to luanda, kenya, special issue: sustainability, tourism & environment in the shift of a millennium: a peripheral view. Cultur, ano 06 ‐ nº 03 ‐ ago/2012. www.uesc.br/revistas/culturaeturismo licença copyleft: atribuição‐uso não comercial‐vedada a criação de obras derivadas.
Darvishi, Houshang, Pourramazan, Issa, Molaei Hashjan, Nasrollah (2020), Analysis of the role of tourism in the economic development of rural areas of Rudsar city in the last two decades, Quarterly Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography Year 12, Issue 3, Summer 2020.. (in persion).
Rangi Abadi, A, Ziaei, M, Yazidpour, H (2010), An Analysis of Tourism Facilities and Facilities of Kurdistan Province from the Viewpoint of Tourists, Human Geography Research, Volume 2, Issue 4, 2010. (in persion).
Rav allion,M, (2012). Poverty lines across the world, 0xford Handbook of the Economics of poverty. Access 12 oct 2012, from; hit; //works. Bepres. Com/ martin-ravallion/20.
Romani A, Einali J, Hadi Pour M, Hajipour M (2016.(Estimation and Evaluation of the Relationship between Tourism Impact and Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas; Case Study: Chenghora and Esmail Abad Villages-Avaj County, Journal of Tourism Space, Fourth Year No. 20. (in persion).
Shakouri, Bahrami, Shaghayegh. (2014). The Study of the Impact of Rural Tourism on Poverty Reduction from the Sustainable Livelihoods Case: The Case of Qaleo and Kline Villages of Ray County. Local Development (Rural-Urban), 6 (1),1-24.
Sharpely, R and David, T. (2008). Tourism and Development, London, Routledge.
Ssewanyana,Sarah N, (2009),chronic poverty and Houeshold Dynamics in Uganda.chronic poverty Research centre, working paper No.139.
Statistical Yearbook of (2018) Ardabil Budget Program Organization. (in persion).
Taqvai, Masoud and Mousavi, Sayed Ali (2012), Investigating the Factors Affecting Urban Tourism Sustainability with Emphasis on Urban Textures Reclamation and Case Study: Central Mashhad City (Isfahan University 2011). (in persion).
Tourism and Economic Development Issues, Edited by: Richard Sharpley and
Turkic, c, E, Anca, t. (2008). Types and Forms of Tourism. Acta Universities daubes, Nol. 92- 104WTO, http://www.answer.com/ tourism &r= 67, 2004 a.
UNWTO (2014), Tourism Highlights, 2014Edition, Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
UNWTO, Ś. O. T. (2015). International Tourism: First results of 2011 confirm consolidation of growths.
Vanegas, Manuel. (2014). “The Triangle of Poverty, Economic Growth and Inequality in Central America: Does Tourism Matter?” Worldwide Hospitality tand Tourism Themes, Vol. 6, No. 3: 277-292.
Wearing, S. (2008). Pro- poor tourism: Who Benefits? Perspectives on Tourism and Poverty Reduction. Publication in Reviewsm. Annals Of Tourism Research. 35.33-51.
Wosoughi, Mansour, Habibi Sauna (2014), Indigenous Knowledge; a Step Toward Localization of Rural Development and Rural Empowerment, Volume 2, Number 4 .(in persion).
Zanganeh Asadi, M, Akbari, E, Bahrami, Sh, Pour Eskandar, B, (2015), Investigating the Effect of Geographical Factors on Groundwater Oscillation in Pars Abad Plain Moghan Quarterly Journal, Geography, No. 59, Autumn 2016 , p273 .(in persion).
Zardan, Maysam, Mansour Bahmani, Moslem (2015), Village Tourism and Principles of Sustainable Tourism Development, National Conference on Sustainable Development, August 2015. (in persion).
Zrouki, Ash, Shamiri Shormosti, M (2011), Poverty Line Estimation in Mazandaran Province during Iranian Economic Planning, Journal of Business Research, No. 64, Fall 2012, pages 245-223.(in persion).
Mohammadi, H. (2006), Applied Meteorology, University of Tehran Press. (in persion).
Deputy of Strategic Supervision Planning of Ardabil Governorate, Ardabil Statistics Yearbook 2016. (in persion).
Savarkhani, Baqer (2008), Research Methods in Social Sciences: Principles and Foundations. Volume 1. 2008. Tehran Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies. . (in persion).
Statistics and Information Unit of Moghan Agro-industry and Animal Husbandry Company, 2008. (in persion).
