اثرسنجی گردهمایی‌های انسانی بر خزش شهری با استفاده از تکنیک‌های سنجش از دور
الموضوعات :محسن سلطان آبادی 1 , بهمن کارگر 2 , رحیم سرور 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشکاه آزاد، تهران، ایران.
2 - عضو هیت علمی دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین و دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره)
3 - استاد گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشکاه آزاد، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: برنامه‌ریزی شهری, سنجش از دور, تراکم شهری, خزش شهری, گردهمایی انسانی,
ملخص المقالة :
گسترش و خزش فضاهای شهری از جمله حوزه‌های مهم در حوزه‌ی پژوهش‌های شهری است که سیاست-گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی خاص خود را می‌طلبد. سرشت خزش شهری، تا اندازه‌ی زیادی نوع و نحوه‌ی برنامه‌ریزی آنرا تعیین می‌کند. از این رو، شناسایی نوع و جهت خزش شهری با استفاده‌های از تکنیک‌ها و روش‌های کارآمد از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این راستا، تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از تکنیک‌های سنجش از دور (RS) به بررسی تاثیر گردهمایی‌های انسانی بر خزش شهری در کشور عراق پرداخته است. از میان تجمعات و گردهمایی‌های انسان‌ساخت، راهپیمایی اربعین به دلیل اهمیت و کیفیت فزاینده‌ی آن انتخاب شده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که خزش شهری در عراق در فضاهایی که در معرض مستقیم و غیرمستقیم پیاده‌روی اربعین قرار دارند، از سال 2003 به این سو افزایش یافته است؛ این افزایش هم در بعد مساحت و هم در بعد تراکم شهری رخ داده است. در این میان، گردهمایی اربعین یکی از عوامل مهم در رشد و گسترش شهری در عراق و به‌ویژه کربلا به‌شمار می‌رود؛ رشد شهری از منظر مساحت و تراکم در این شهر، خزش شهری چهار برابری را نشان داد.
References
Alexander, L. C., James, D. H., Emily, H. W., Mingjun, S. and Zhenkui, Z. (2020). A Comparison of Land use and Land cover Change Detection Methods, ASPRSACSM Annual Conference and FIG 22nd Congress.
Anji Reddy, M. (2020). Textbook of RS and GIS, second edition, B.S publications, Hyderabad.
Anji, R.M. (2015). “Environmental Geo-informatics and Modeling”; Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Management, B.S. Publications.
Brahabhatt, V.S., Dalwadi, G.B., Chhabra, S.B., Ray, S.S. and Dadhwal, V.K. (2019). Land use/land cover changes mapping in Mahi canal command area, Gujarat, using multi-temporal satellite data. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol. 28(4), pp 221-232.
Brouder, J. A. M. (2019). Flood study in the Meghna-Dhonagoda Polder, Bangladesh, In:Proc. Asian Institute of Remote Sensing, Bangalore, India, 17–23 November.
Brown, B.J. and Hanson, M. (2019). Global sustainability: towards definition. Environ Conserve, Vol.11, 6, pp. 713-719.
Cakir, H.I., Khorram, S. and Nelson, S.A.C. (2018). Correspondence analysis for detecting land cover change. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol.102, pp. 302–317.
Carls, N. (2019). How to read aerial photographs for census work. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
Chaurasia, R., Closhali, D.C., Dhaliwal, S.S., Sharma, M.P.K., Kudrat, M. and Tiwari, A.K. (2020). Land use change analysis for agricultural management - a case study of Tehsil Talwandi Sabo, Punjab. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No.2. pp. 115-123.
Clawson, P. and Stewart, L. (2019). Land use information: A critical survey of U.S. statistics including possibilities for greater uniformity: Baltimore, Md., The Johns Hopkins Press for Resources for the Future, Inc., p. 402.
Cracknell, A.P. and Varotsos, C.A. (2017). The IPCC fourth assessment report and the fiftieth anniversary of Sputnik. Environmental Sciences and Pollution Research, Vol. 14, pp. 384–387.
Dahdouh, F., Kairo, J.G., Jayatissa, L.P., Cannicci, S. and Koedam, N. (2019). An ordination study to view past, present and future vegetation structure dynamics in disturbed and undisturbed mangroves forests in Kenya and Sri Lanka. Plant Ecology, 162(4): 12-23.
Dai, X. and Khorram, S. (2018). The effects of image miss registration on the accuracy of remotely sensed change detection. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, Vol. 36, pp. 15–27.
Dale, P. F. and McLaughlin, J. D. (2018). Land information management. An introduction with special reference to cadastral problems in developing countries: Clarendon Press.
Dewan, M. A. and Yamaguchi, Y. (2019). Using remote sensing and GIS to detect and monitor land use and land cover change in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960–2005. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 150, (1-4), pp. 237-249.
Ebrahizadeh Asmin, Hossein, Ashtari Mehrjerdi, Abazar and Islami, Iman (2019). Reverse rural migration by changing urban lifestyle. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (1), 169-186 [in Persian].
G.K. Tripathy, Urban Planning and information system for Municipal corporations, Tata Infotech Ltd,
Locks, C. (2018). Doing the Town: The Rise of Urban Tourism in the United States, 1850-1915. USA: University of California Press, pp. 143-203.
Moshfeghfar, Shokoufeh, Ezzatpanah, Bakhtiar and Mousavi, Mir Najaf. (2020). Explaining the physical-spatial structure of land use in the central part of Tabriz. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (3), 405-419 [in Persian].
Mottaghi, Afshin and Mollah Hosseini Ardakani, Reza. (2020). Explain the position and role of Arbaeen in promoting the geopolitical prestige of Shiism. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (3), 93-114.
Motalebian, Khosro, Rahmani, Bijan and Shams, Majid. (2020). Challenges of Creative City from the Perspective of Policy-Making and Urban Planning (Case Study: Isfahan). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (3), 337-364 [in Persian].
Municipal Geographic Information Systems (2020). A note to the Empowered Committee (EC), APUSP/Governance & Reform component/Municipal GIS/Note to EC/10 Nov 21st, Manual of Land use / Land cover mapping using Satellite imagery”, Part I and II 2019, National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Govt. of India.
NRSA (2019). Mapping and Monitoring Urban sprawl Hyderabad city. Project report, 1-84.
Olfati, Amin, Rahimi, Mahmoud and Ravanshadnia, Mehdi. (2020). Identification and evaluation of urban safe areas in earthquake crisis by fuzzy hierarchical analysis (Case study of Region 2 of Khorramabad). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (3), 1-10 [in Persian].
Sekar, P.T. (2019). GIS Application for Urban Planning – A Case study of Tinidivanam Town, Tamil Nadu, GIS Development.
Shams, Majid, Habibi, Davoud and Aliai, Mohammad Sadegh. (2015). Evaluation of physical-spatial reflections of the annexation of surrounding villages to cities (Case study of Malayer city and Aznav village). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 8 (1), 96-115 [in Persian].
Sharifnejad, NematOllah, Saberi, Hamid, Khadem al-Husseini, Ahmad, Ziari, Karamatullah and Azani, Mehri (2020). Assessing the components affecting the sustainability of municipal revenue structure (Case study: Isfahan metropolis). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (2), 251-267 [in Persian].
Strahler, A.H., Woodcock, C.E. and Smith, J.A. (2016). On the nature of models in remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 20 (2), pp. 121–139.
Sudhira, H.S., Ramachandra, T.V. and Jagadish, K.S. (2014). Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 5, pp. 29–39.
Sutton, P.C. (2019). A scale-adjusted measure of Urban sprawl using nighttime satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 86, pp. 353–369.
Tabatabai Mazdabadi, Seyed Mohsen and Ghamari, Azadeh (2020). Strategies for identifying human resource talents in Tehran Municipality with emphasis on development and efficiency of the city: providing a model. Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 12 (2), 475-490 [in Persian].
Tachizuka, Sh., Hung, T., Ochi, Sh. and Yasuoka, Y. (2020). Monitoring of long-term urban expansion by the use of remote sensing images from different sensors. Available online at: www.gisdevelopment.net/aars/acrs/2002/urb.
Tian, G., Liu, J. Xie, Y. Yang, Z. Zhuang, D. and Niu, Z. (2018). Analysis of spatio-temporal dynamic pattern and driving forces of urban land in China in 1990s using TM images and GIS. Cities, Vol. 22 (6), pp. 40-51.
Toll, D.L., Royal, J.A. and Davis, J.B. (2018). Urban area updates procedures using Landsat data. Proceedings of the American Society of Photogrammetry, pp.1-17.
