تبیین اهمیت منابع درآمدی برای موفقیت تمرکززدایی؛ پیشنهاداتی برای موفقیت نهادهای محلی در ایران
الموضوعات :
1 - دکترای سیاست‌گذاری عمومی ، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: حکومت محلی, منابع درآمدی, شهرداری, شوراهای اسلامی,
ملخص المقالة :
تمرکززدایی و تشکیل حکومت محلی فرآیندی پیچیده و طولانی است که جهت افزایش مشارکت تمامی افراد یک جامعه در فرایند توسعه بر اساس ظرفیت‌ها، توانمندی‌ها و منابع محل عمل می‌کند. در تمرکززدایی، دولت مرکزی اختیار تصمیم‌گیری را به نهادهای محلی که متصدیان آن‌ها توسط مردم همان محل انتخاب‌شده‌اند، واگذار می‌کند اما عملکرد آن‌ها تحت کنترل و نظارت حکومت مرکزی است. به عبارتی بهتر تمرکززدایی به اختیار عمل نسبی دولت‌های محلی در زمینه تعیین اهداف، تدارک منابع و اداره و اجرای سیاست‌های عمومی اشاره دارد. یکی از پیش‌شرط‌های موفقیت و پایداری حکومت محلی، پیش‌بینی منابع درآمدی متناسب با وظایف و مسئولیت‌هاست. در ایران اتخاذ سیاست استقلال مالی از دولت بدون تعریف منابع مالی جدید موجب شد تا مشکلات و چالش‌های عدیده‌ای برای نهادهای محلی به وجود آید. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ضمن مطالعات مقایسه‌ای، به بررسی مشکلات شوراها و شهرداری‌ها در زمینه منابع درآمدی بپردازد و درنهایت نیز راهکارهایی را دراین‌باره ارائه نماید. ازجمله این راهکارها ارتقای شفافیت، پاسخگویی و مسئولیت‌پذیری، افزایش سهم شهردارى‌ها از محل عواید حاصل از قانون مالیات بر ارزش‌افزوده، ایجاد نظام پایدار درآمد شهری مبتنی بر عوارض نوسازی و بهره‌گیری از کسب‌وکارهای کوچک اقتصاد محلی اشاره کرد.
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