بررسی تحریم های بین المللی از منظرحقوق بین‌الملل(مطالعه موردی تحریم های ایران)

الموضوعات :

علیرضا معینیان ¹ , محمد مهدی رحیمی ² , اکبر عباسیان ³ , رضا پیوندی ⁴ , احمد عرب عامری ⁵

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی حقوق، واحد گرمسار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار ایران.
2 - استادیار حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای سیاسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران.
5 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور استان سمنان، مرکز گرمسار ، ایران.

تاريخ الإرسال : 11 الجمعة , ربيع الأول, 1441 تاريخ التأكيد : 18 الإثنين , جمادى الأولى, 1441 تاريخ الإصدار : 29 الأحد , شوال, 1441

الکلمات المفتاحية: مشارکت, ایران, بلایای طبیعی, حقوق بین‌الملل, حمایت,

ملخص المقالة :

تاکنون ابعاد و زوایای مختلف این بحران ها مورد پژوهش قرار گرفته است اما می‌توان گفت در مواردی که مدیریت آن ها از توان یک کشور به تنهایی خارج است بایستی همه‌ی کشورها در حد توان کشور گرفتار بحران را کمک کنند. باسؤال اصلی مقاله این است که حقوق بین‌الملل دارای چه قواعد و چارچوب‌هایی برای مدیریت کارآمد بحران در جهان است؟ روش این مقاله توصیفی تحلیلی است. نتایج این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که کاهش و کنترل خطرات و آسیب‌پذیری ناشی از بلایای طبیعی و آمادگی پیش از وقوع بلا، اقدامات اضطراری حین بلا و اقدامات ترمیمی پس از آن، از جمله اموری هستند که در حقوق بین‌الملل به آن‌ها پرداخته شده است. از طرف دیگر، احترام به حقوق بنیادین و رفع نیازهای اولیه‌ی افراد متأثر از بلایای طبیعی یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل موجود در این زمینه بوده که مورد توجه حقوق بین‌الملل قرار گرفته است. در خصوص کلیه‌ی این مسائل اسناد مختلفی، در عرصه‌ی حقوق بین‌الملل موجود است، اما فقدان یک سند جامع بین‌المللی که ضمن پرداخت به ابعاد مختلف بلایای طبیعی و حقوق افراد متأثر از آن، عام‌الشمول و الزام‌آور نیز باشد، کاملاً احساس می‌شود. کمیسیون حقوق بین‌الملل، در سال 2007، کار بر روی پیش‌نویسی در این زمینه، با عنوان حمایت از افراد در بلایا را آغاز کرد که تاکنون 21 ماده از آن تدوین شده است.

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1. https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/701891.pdf


2. https://www.debevoise.com