محیطزیست در نگرش جامعهشناختی امیل دورکیم
الموضوعات :
سعید کشاورزی
1
,
مریم کریمی
2
1 - دکتری جامعه شناسی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد جامعه شناسی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران.
تاريخ الإرسال : 26 الجمعة , رمضان, 1437
تاريخ التأكيد : 06 الأربعاء , ربيع الثاني, 1438
تاريخ الإصدار : 14 الخميس , رجب, 1440
الکلمات المفتاحية:
جامعهشناسی محیطزیست,
علوم اجتماعی,
امیل دورکیم,
عدم توجه به محیطزیست,
ملخص المقالة :
چکیده
طی سالهای اخیر، محیطزیست و مسایل و مشکلات مرتبط با آن توجه علوم مختلف را به خود جلب نموده است. تعداد تحقیقات جامعهشناسی و روانشناسی در این زمینه نشاندهنده توجه محققان علوم انسانی به محیطزیست میباشد. بااینحال جامعهشناسی محیطزیست بهعنوان شاخهای از رشتهی جامعهشناسی، بسیار دیر، پا به عرصه نهاد. عدهای دلیل این امر را در اندیشههای پیشروان علوماجتماعی جستوجو نمودهاند و بر همین اساس انگشت اتهام را به سمت آنها نشانه رفتهاند. یکی از این عالمان اجتماعی که مسئول عدمتوجه جامعهشناسی به محیطزیست شناختهشده، دورکیم، جامعهشناس فرانسوی میباشد. در این مطالعه تلاش شده است ضمن بررسی مسأله محیطزیست در اندیشههای دورکیم، به این سؤال پاسخ داده شود که اندیشههای وی چه نقشی در ورود دیرهنگام محیطزیست به جامعهشناسی داشته است. نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که تعریف مفهوم واقعیات اجتماعی در تفکر دورکیمی و دیدگاه ضد تقلیلگرای او، از مهمترین عوامل نادیده گرفته شدن تأثیرات متغیرهای محیطی بر جامعه بوده است. همچنین بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، بااینکه دیدگاه دورکیم، تأثیرات نسبتاً گستردهای بر جریان اصلی جامعهشناسی داشته است، از جامعیتی که منتقدین او ادعا کردهاند، برخوردار نبوده و مرزبندی دورکیم با متغیرهای محیطی، پس از او در موارد بسیاری از بین رفته است.
المصادر:
Hannigan, J., 2006. Environmental Sociology. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.
Buttel, F. H., 1986. Sociology and the environment: the winding road toward human ecology, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 38(3). Pp. 56-337.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D., 1978. Environmental Concern: A Bibliography of Empirical Studies and Brief Appraisal of the Literature. Vance Bibliographies, Monticello, III.
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Dunlap, R. E., 2002. Environmental Sociology: A Personal Perspective on Its First Quarter Century. Organization & Environment, Vol. 15(1), pp. 10-29. Online Available at:
http://oae.sagepub.com/content/15/1/10
Dunlap, R. E., & Catton, W. R., Jr., 1979. Environmental Sociology: A Framework for Analysis. In T. O’Riordan & R. C. d’Arge (Eds.), Progress in resource management and environmental planning, Vol. 1, pp. 57-85.
Catton, W. R., Jr., & Dunlap, R. E., 1980. A New Ecological Paradigm for Post-Exuberant Sociology. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 24, pp. 15-47. Online Available at: http://abs.sagepub.com/content/24/1/15
Ladd, A. E., 2003. Sociology, Humanism, and the Environmental Crossroads: Bringing Nature Back In. Humanity & Society, Vol. 27, pp. 516-528. Online. Available at: http://has.sagepub.com/content/27/4/516
Järvikoski, T., 1996. The Relation of Nature and Society in Marx and Durkheim. Acta Sociologica. Vol. 39, pp. 73-86. Online Available at: http://asj.sagepub.com/content/39/1/73
Gross, M., 2000. Classical Sociology and the Restoration of Nature: The Relevance of Emile Durkheim and Georg Simmel. Organization & Environment, Vol. 13, pp. 277-291. Online Available at: http://oae.sagepub.com/content/13/3/277
Durkheim, E., 1893. (1984). The Division of Labour in Society. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Durkheim, É., 1895. (1982). The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and Its Method. New York: Free Press. (Original work published in 1895)
York, R., Rosa, E. A., & Dietz, T., 2003. Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental Consequences of Modernity. American Sociological Review, Vol. 68, pp. 279-300. Online Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519769
Benton, T., & Redclift M., 1994. Introduction in Social Theory and the Global Environment. edited by Michael Redclift and Ted Benton. NewYork: Routledge.
Buttel, F. H., 1987. New Directions in Environmental Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 13, pp. 465-488. Online Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083257
Dunlap, R. E., 2009. Promoting a Paradigm Change: Reflections on Early Contributions to Environmental Sociology. Organization Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 478-488. Online Available at: http://oae.sagepub.com/content/21/4/478
Alexandrescu, F. M., 2009. Not As Natural As It Seems: The Social History of Environment in American Sociology. History of the Human sciences. Vol. 22(5), pp. 47-80. Online Available at: http://hhs.sagepub.com/content/22/5/47
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Hannigan, J., 2006. Environmental Sociology. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.
Buttel, F. H., 1986. Sociology and the environment: the winding road toward human ecology, International Social Science Journal, Vol. 38(3). Pp. 56-337.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D., 1978. Environmental Concern: A Bibliography of Empirical Studies and Brief Appraisal of the Literature. Vance Bibliographies, Monticello, III.
Dunlap, R. E., 2010. The maturation and diversifi cation of environmental sociology: from constructivism and realism to agnosticism and pragmatism, In the International Handbook of Environmental Sociology, edited by M. Redclift and G. Woodgate, 15–32. 2nd ed. London: Edward Elgar.
Steg, L., Perlaviciute, G., & van der Werff, E., 2015. Understanding the Human Dimensions of a Sustainable Energy Transition. Front Psychol, Vol. 6(805). Pp. 1-15. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00805.
Foster, J. B., 1999. Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology. American Journal of Sociology, The University of Chicago Press. Vol. 105 (2), pp. 366-405. Online Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/210315
Rosa, E. A. & Richter, L., 2008. Durkheim on the Environment: Ex Libris or Ex Cathedra? Introduction to Inaugural Lecture to a Course in Social Science 1887-1888. Organization Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 182-187. Online Available at: http://oae.sagepub.com/content/21/2/182
Dunlap, R. E., 2002. Environmental Sociology: A Personal Perspective on Its First Quarter Century. Organization & Environment, Vol. 15(1), pp. 10-29. Online Available at:
http://oae.sagepub.com/content/15/1/10
Dunlap, R. E., & Catton, W. R., Jr., 1979. Environmental Sociology: A Framework for Analysis. In T. O’Riordan & R. C. d’Arge (Eds.), Progress in resource management and environmental planning, Vol. 1, pp. 57-85.
Catton, W. R., Jr., & Dunlap, R. E., 1980. A New Ecological Paradigm for Post-Exuberant Sociology. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 24, pp. 15-47. Online Available at: http://abs.sagepub.com/content/24/1/15
Ladd, A. E., 2003. Sociology, Humanism, and the Environmental Crossroads: Bringing Nature Back In. Humanity & Society, Vol. 27, pp. 516-528. Online. Available at: http://has.sagepub.com/content/27/4/516
Järvikoski, T., 1996. The Relation of Nature and Society in Marx and Durkheim. Acta Sociologica. Vol. 39, pp. 73-86. Online Available at: http://asj.sagepub.com/content/39/1/73
Gross, M., 2000. Classical Sociology and the Restoration of Nature: The Relevance of Emile Durkheim and Georg Simmel. Organization & Environment, Vol. 13, pp. 277-291. Online Available at: http://oae.sagepub.com/content/13/3/277
Durkheim, E., 1893. (1984). The Division of Labour in Society. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Durkheim, É., 1895. (1982). The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and Its Method. New York: Free Press. (Original work published in 1895)
York, R., Rosa, E. A., & Dietz, T., 2003. Footprints on the Earth: The Environmental Consequences of Modernity. American Sociological Review, Vol. 68, pp. 279-300. Online Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1519769
Benton, T., & Redclift M., 1994. Introduction in Social Theory and the Global Environment. edited by Michael Redclift and Ted Benton. NewYork: Routledge.
Buttel, F. H., 1987. New Directions in Environmental Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 13, pp. 465-488. Online Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083257
Dunlap, R. E., 2009. Promoting a Paradigm Change: Reflections on Early Contributions to Environmental Sociology. Organization Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 478-488. Online Available at: http://oae.sagepub.com/content/21/4/478
Alexandrescu, F. M., 2009. Not As Natural As It Seems: The Social History of Environment in American Sociology. History of the Human sciences. Vol. 22(5), pp. 47-80. Online Available at: http://hhs.sagepub.com/content/22/5/47