برخی از روش‌های افزایش کارآیی گیاه‌پالایی فلزات سنگین
الموضوعات :محمدرضا نادری 1 , عبدالرزاق دانش‌شهرکی 2 , رضوان نادری 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد *(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.
الکلمات المفتاحية: گیاه‌پالایی, فلز سنگین, ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه,
ملخص المقالة :
شکی نیست که در نتیجه‌ی افزایش روزافزون جمعیت کره‌ی زمین بایستی در آینده شاهد بغرنج‌تر شدن معضل آلودگی خاک، آب و هوا توسط انواع مختلف آلاینده‌های محیط زیستی باشیم. از این رو، توجه به فناوری‌های نوینِ مورد استفاده جهت پالایش مکان‌های آلوده، ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. گیاه‌پالایی یکی از این فناوری‌ها است که دارای سرعت تأثیر نسبتاً پایین و کارآیی اندک می‌باشد. در مقاله‌ی حاضر به بررسی برخی از روش‌های زیستی، شیمیایی، فیزیکی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و ژنتیکی مورد استفاده جهت افزایش کارآیی فرآیند گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین خواهیم پرداخت. این روش‌ها شامل کاهش pH، افزایش پتانسیل اکسایش-کاهش (Eh)، استفاده از عوامل کلات‌کننده و ریزجاندارانی نظیر قارچ‌های آربسکولار مایکوریزا (AMF) و ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) می‌باشند. شناسایی این روش‌های نوین سبب اجرای تکنیک‌های چندرهیافتی به منظور سرعت بخشیدن به فرآیند زدایش آلاینده‌های فلزی و در نتیجه، افزایش کارآیی گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین شده است. در این میان، کاربرد ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه یکی از سودمندترین و در عین حال، کم‌خطرترین تکنیک‌ها برای محیط زیست می‌باشد، که به تازگی جهت بهبود کارآیی فرآیند پالایش فلزات سنگین توسط گیاهان مد نظر قرار گرفته است.
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