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رقم المقالة : 3461 زيارة : 137 الصفحة: 23 - 33

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

اصلاح گرهای غیرفعال ساز آلاینده‌ها: سازوکار‌های غیرفعال‌سازی و جنبه های زیست‌محیطی کاربرد آن‌ها

الموضوعات :

رامین سلماسی 1

1 - 1عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی *(مسئول مکاتبات).

تاريخ الإرسال : 25 الجمعة , جمادى الأولى, 1432 تاريخ التأكيد : 27 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1433 تاريخ الإصدار : 08 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1434

الکلمات المفتاحية: فلزات سنگین, سامانه های کشاورزی, فرآورده های صنعتی,

ملخص المقالة :

افزایش فعالیت های کشاورزی به رها سازی آلاینده های گوناگون از سامانه های کشاورزی منجر می گردد که به عنوان یکی از عوامل افت کیفیت خاک و آب، مطرح می باشد. از شیوه های پاک سازی گوناگون از جمله کاربرد اصلاح گرهای شیمیایی برای کاهش زیان های مرتبط با این آلاینده ها بهره گیری می شود. در این مقاله پیرامون کاربردی ترین اصلاح گرهای شیمیایی جهت غیرفعال سازی فلزات سنگین، سازوکارهای این غیرفعال سازی ها و جنبه های زیست محیطی کاربرد این اصلاح گرها بحث فشرده ای می شود. اصلاح گرهای شیمیایی که به صورت متداول جهت غیر فعال سازی آلاینده ها کاربرد دارند در رده های فرآورده های آهن، کلسیم و آلومینیوم دار قرار می گیرند. ترکیبات فسفردار و رس های سیلیکاته، سایر فرآورده ها را تشکیل می دهند. سازو کارهای غیرفعال سازی آلاینده ها شامل یک یا ترکیبی از موارد زیر می باشد: تشکیل رسوب سطحی، جذب بر روی سطوح کانی، رسوب به صورت نمک و هم رسوبی. بررسـی جنبه هــای محیط زیستی نشان می دهد که وجود مواد ناخواسته مانند فلزات سنگین، فلورید، سولفات، جامدات محلول و مواد پرتوزا در زایدات و باطله های صنعتی می توانند به آب های زیرزمینی آبشویی یابند و یا از طریق روانآب وارد آب های سطحی شوند. اسیدیته یا قلیاییت که با برخی از این زایدات همراه می باشد، می تواند زیان زیست محیطی جدی را به همراه داشته باشد. اصلاح گرهای شیمیایی عناصری را دارند که با تاثیر بر فعالیت برخی میکروب ها، می توانند بر روی فرآیندهای ژئوشیمیایی حیاتی مانند انحلال و تشکیل کانی، هوادیدگی و معدنی شدن مواد آلی تاثیر گذار باشند.

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