نقش بیوچار در اصلاح خاک‌های متأثر از املاح
الموضوعات :
یونس شکوهی‌فر
1
,
رضا حسن‌پور
2
,
بهمن خوشرو
3
,
حسین بشارتی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکترای شیمی و حاصلخیزی خاک، گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشگده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان).
2 - محقق بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز. * (مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - محقق پسادکترای بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب ، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج.
4 - استاد پژوهش بخش تحقیقات بیولوژی خاک، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج.
الکلمات المفتاحية: اصلاح خاک, کربن آلی, شوری خاک, بیوچار,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: تجمع املاح در خاک یک تهدید عمده برای تولید کشاورزی و پایداری اکوسیستم می باشد. هزینه تحمیل‌شده به بهره‌وری کشاورزی به‌دلیل شوری و سدیمی بودن خاک بسیار بالا بوده و انتظار می‌رود در آینده با گسترش مناطق متأثر از املاح افزایش یابد. در دهه اخیر تمرکز زیادی بر روی استفاده از بیوچار در سیستم‌ها‌ی زراعی با هدف اولیه تثبیت کربن آلی در خاک و درنتیجه کاهش گازهای گلخانه ای اتمسفر و همچنین اصلاح و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک شده است. ولی این مطالعات اغلب در خاک‌های غیرشور انجام گرفته است و نیاز به انجام این تحقیقات در خاک‌های متأثر از املاح نیز وجود دارد. روش بررسی: به‌دلیل کمبود تحقیقات انجام‌شده در مورد نقش بیوچار در خاک‌های متأثر از املاح، در این مقاله ابتدا یک نمای کلی از وسعت و مشکلات خاک‌های متأثر از املاح ارائه گردید. سپس به بررسی تحقیقات انجام‌شده در مورد تاثیر بیوچار بر ویژگی‌های خاک، ترسیب کربن و اصلاح خاک‌های متأثر از املاح پرداخته شد و شکاف‌های مطالعاتی و پژوهشی در این زمینه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: کاربرد بیوچار در خاک باعث ترسیب کربن در خاک می‌شود و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای به اتمسفر را کاهش می‌دهد. در خاک‌های متأثر از املاح، بیوچار به‌عنوان یک اصلاح‌کننده آلی خاک ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک را بهبود می‌دهد و درنتیجه باعث تعدیل اثرات نمک بر خاک و گیاه می‌شود. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: ترسیب کربن و بهبود کیفیت خاک دو مزیت کلی گزارش‌شده کاربرد بیوچار در خاک می‌باشد. نتایج پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده در این زمینه متفاوت هستند که به منبع تهیه بیوچار و روش تهیه آن، ویژگی‌های خاک و شرایط انجام آزمایش بستگی دارد. بنابراین مطالعات مختلفی برای شناخت کامل مکانسیم‌های تأثیر بیوچار بر ویژگی‌های خاک‌های متأثر از املاح و اصلاح آنها نیاز است. ارائه راه‌حل کاربردی با انجام چند پژوهش میسر نیست ولی توسعه یافته‌های علمی در این زمینه می‌تواند سیاست‌های آینده را جهت‌دار کند.
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