بازآفرینی طراحی فضای عمومی شهر در عصر شیوع کرونا
الموضوعات :
فرشته کافی نیا
1
(گروه هنر، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا(ع)، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
الکلمات المفتاحية: کرونا, فضای عمومی, شهر, طراحی شهری, کویید 19, پیامد.,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: با شروع تشخیص و شیوع کرونا از ابتدای سال 2020 میلادی، اثرات منفی بر جوامع شهری آشکار شده است که به تبع آن با وجود تعیین ضوابطی به منظور پیشگیری از ابتلا به این ویروس، حضور شهروندان در فضاهای عمومی شهری به حداقل رسیده است. بشر به منظور ادامه حیات خود باید به فضاهای شهری باز گردد، درنتیجه لازم است تا برنامه ها و اقداماتی جهت خوانشی نو از طراحی فضاهای عمومی، با تاکید بر حداقل رساندن خطرات شیوع ویروس کویید 19 و رعایت فاصله اجتماعی صورت گیرد. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر، با روش شناختی- فرا تحلیلی و رویکرد نظری و تئوریک و انجام مطالعات کتابخانه ای صورت گرفته است. یافته ها: هدف از این پژوهش، تدقیق مولفه های فضای عمومی تاب آور و سرزنده از دیدگاه متیو کارمونا و بررسی تاثیرات ویروس کرونا بر هر یک از مولفه ها در فضای شهری می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر این اساس، مولفه های فضای شهری از منظر کرمونا شامل (مولفه کالبدی، عملکردی، اجتماعی، بصری، ادراک و زمان) می باشد که ویروس کویید 19 به ترتیب باعث بروز آثاری همچون (تعریض پیاده روها، طراحی بیوفیلیک ساختمان ها و ... در بعد کالبدی)، (ممنوعیت اتوموبیل در برخی خیابان ها و ایجاد فضاهای دوجرخه محور، مطرح شدن ایده شهر 15 دقیقه ای و ... در بعد عملکردی)، (ایجاد فاصله اجتماعی، تعطیلی مراکز تجمعی و ... در بعد اجتماعی)، (ایجاد چهره ای خشن و بی رحم در شهر ناشی از عدم مردم در فضای شهری و تعطیلی مراسم و آیین ها و ... در بعد بصری)، (بروز خشونت، ترس، ناامیدی و .... در بعد ادراک) و (کاهش مدت زمان حضور شهروندان در ترافیک و پارکها و ... در بعد زمان) شده است. به طورکلی، این پدیده همچون هر پدیده دیگری، دارای پیامد های مثبت و منفی متعددی می باشد که می توان این اپیدمی را فرصتی برای تجدید نظر در طراحی شهرها برای آمادگی بهتر برای بحران های آینده قلمداد کرد.
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