پایش گردشگری فصلی شمال غرب ایران با استفاده از شاخص اقلیم گردشگری (T.C.I)
الموضوعات :بهروز سبحانی 1 , وحید صفریان زنگیر 2
1 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیمشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیمشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: گردشگری فصلی, منابع آب و هوای, شاخص (T.C.I), اقلیمگردشگری, شمال غرب ایران,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: شناخت پتانسیلهای اقلیمی، بهعنوان بستر فعالیتهای انسانی، پایه و اساس غالب برنامهریـزیهـای محیطی و آمایش سرزمین را تشکیل میدهد؛ امروزه اکثر گردشگران برای انتخاب مقصد ملاحظات اقلیمی را مورد توجه قرار میدهند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی و پهنهبندی فصلی اقلیم گردشگری شمال غرب ایران با استفاده از شاخص اقلیم گردشگری (T.C.I)است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش بهمنظور ارزیابی شرایط اقلیم آسایش از دیدگاه گردشگری، دادههای اقلیمی 22 ایستگاه سینوپتیک شمال غربایران در یک دوره آماری 20 ساله (2010-1990) تهیه شدند. در این مدل سیستمی از 7 پارامتر: میانگین حداکثر دما، میانگین دما، میانگین حداقل رطوبت نسبی، میانگین رطوبت نسبی، مجموع بارش ماهانه، میانگین روزانه ساعات آفتابی و سرعت باد استفاده شد. برای پردازش دادهها از شاخص TCI استفاده شد با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی، نقشه اقلیم گردشگری برای چهار فصل ترسیم گردید. یافتهها: یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که شاخص اقلیم گردشگری در شمال غرب به علت تضاد توپوگرافی دارای تنوع زیادی در طول سال میباشد. فصل تابستان با در برداشتن شرایط (بینهایت ایدهال 7، وضعیت ایدهال 10، کیفیتعالی 3، شرایط خیلیخوب 1 و قابل قبول 1) نسبت به سه فصل دیگر در رتبه یک؛ فصل پاییز با شرایط (عالی: 4، خیلیخوب: 11، خوب: 3 و قابل قبول: 4) رتبه دوم نسبت به سه فصلدیگر؛ فصل بهار با کیفیت(خیلیخوب: 2، خوب: 2، قابلقبول: 11 و ناچیزحاشیهای: 7) در رتبه سوم نسبت به فصلهای دیگر و فصل زمستان با وضعیت(قابلقبول: 1، ناچیزحاشیهای: 14، نامناسب: 5 و بسیارنامناسب: 2) در رتبه چهارم و نامطلوبترین حالات نسبت به سایر فصول به خود اختصاص دادند. بحث و نتیجهگیری: شمال غرب ایران با داشتن جاذبههای گردشگری زیاد میتواند مقدمات حضور گردشگران داخلی و خارجی باشد. مناظرزیبا و منحصربهفرد و شرایط آبوهوای متنوع در تمامی فصول میتواند در راستای توسعه این صنعت گامهای استوار برداشته و بهرههای فراوان داشته باشد.
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- Mohammadi, H., 2010. Applied Meteorology. Tehran University Press. 2 Edition. (In Persian)
- Zolfaghari, H., 2007. Determining the appropriate calendar for circulation in Tabriz using physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and average predicted polling (PMV) indices. Journal of Geographical Research. No. 62(in Persian)
- Holjeva, Ivanka., 2003. a vision of tourism and the hotel industry in the 21 century, hospitality management; Vol 22 Lin.
- Masoumi, M., 2009. An Introduction to Approaches in Tourism Development Planning, Tehran. Samira Publications, 1 Edition. (In Persian)
- Farajzadeh Asl, M., Ghorbani, A., Lashkarri H., 2008. Investigation of Architectural Adaptation of Sanandaj Buildings with Its Environmental Conditions by Mahani Method, Journal of the Moderator of Humanities. Vol. 12(2), pp. 161-180. (In Persian)
- Meaningful, M, and Roya M., 2011. Assessing the Impacts of the Shandiz Tourism Area in Mashhad on the Environment with the Purpose of Realizing Sustainable Development. Tourism and Sustainable Development Conference. pp 14-10. (In Persian)
- Ghademi, A., Firoozjani. N., 2012. Assessment of the development of destination tourism in the framework of sustainability. Geospatial Geography Quarterly. Year 27 Issue: 1. (In Persian)
- Tawasi, T, Yari, M., 2013. Determination of Temperature Range of Comfort in Tourism Tourism Planning in Sistan & Balouchestan Province. Geography and Development. Vol. 6(31), pp. 29-46. (In Persian)
- Baratian, A, Rezaei, M., 2013. Spatial Analysis of the Tourism Climate Index in Ilam Province Using the TCI Model. Journal of Spatial Planning (Geography). Vol. 2(9), pp. 101-118. (In Persian)
- Ghanbari, C, Karimi, J., 2013. Study of Climate Change Index (T.C.I) changes in Isfahan Province during the period (1976-2005). Regional Planning Quarterly. Vol. 12(3), pp. 71-82. (In Persian)
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- Zarabi, A, Alizadeh Asl, J, and Isa., 2013. Analyzing the tourism infrastructure in the ecotourist destination of Urmia by using the SWOT approach. Geography and Planning. Vol. 18(48), pp. 68-79. (In Persian)
- Hairdresser, M., Parsifar, M., 2015. Evaluation of tourism climate in Zanjan province using the TCI index in GIS environment. Journal of Geography and Urban Planning. Vol. 8(27), pp. 59-81. (In Persian)
- Torkashvand M., 2016. Time and location assessment of weather and climate of Hamedan province using physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and nervous pressure indices. Seasonal Schedule of the Land. Vol. 2(4), pp. 111-120. (In Persian)
- Zaninovic K, Matzarakis A., 2007. variation and trends of thermal comfort at the Adriatic coast; Meteorological and hydrological service, climatological research department,1000,gric3 , cric3, croati.
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- Gandomkar.A., 2011. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Tourism Climate Comfort in Isfahan Province, 2nd International Conference on Business, Economics and Tourism Management, IPEDR vol.24, IACSIT Press, Singapore.
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- Fang, Y., Yin, J., 2015, National Assessment of Climate Resources for Tourism Seasonality in China Using the Tourism Climate Index, Atmosphere, 6:183-194.
- Nicholls, S., Amelung, B., 2015. Implications of Climate Change for Rural Tourism in the Nordic Region, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15 (2): 48–72.
- Tzu, M. Liu, T.M., 2016. The influence of climate change on tourism demand in Taiwan national parks, Tourism Management Perspectives, 20: 269–275.
- Zhang, H.Q. Kulendran, N., 2016. The Impact of Climate Variables on Seasonal Variation in Hong Kong Inbound Tourism Demand, Journal of Travel Research, DOI: 2875156196, 1-14.
- Saidi, A.; Ataee, H. Alawinia, F., 2012. Assessment of Comfort climate of Khuzestan province using the TCI index. Journal of the Iranian Geographic Society. Vol. 10(34), pp. 278-298.(In Persian)
- Asadollahi, Z, Golkar, A. and Alizadeh, A., 2012. Study of comfort index of tourism climate of Choghakhor wetland in order to develop sustainable tourism. Journal of environmental sciences. Issue: 50. pp 61-54. (In Persian)