بررسی حقوق و تعهدات انـصاف بین نسلی در راستای تأمین اهداف توسعه پایدار «با تاکید بر اصـل 50 قانون اساسی ایران»
الموضوعات :
میر حسن ریاضی
1
(
دانشجوی دکترای حقوق محیط زیست واحد علوم وتحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
)
علی فقیه حبیبی
2
(
دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
علی مشهدی
3
(
دکترای حقوق عمومی، دانشیار حقوق دانشکده وعضو هیات علمی، حقوق دانشگاه قم.
)
منصور پور نوری
4
(
دکترای حقوق بین الملل، استادیار وعضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال.
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 19 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1442
تاريخ التأكيد : 19 الأربعاء , ربيع الثاني, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 01 الجمعة , شوال, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
توسعه پایدار,
محیط زیست,
اصـل 50 قانون اساسی,
نسل‌های آینده,
انـصاف بین نسلی,
ملخص المقالة :
انـصاف بین نسلی که مبنای اصـلی حقوق نسل‌های آینده می‌باشد، بیانگر این مطلب است که نسل حاضر در بهره برداری و برخورد با محیط زیست باید به گونه‌ای رفتار نماید که منافع نسل‌های آینده نیز حفظ شود. در قانون اساسی ایران در اصـل ۵۰ به طور صریح به حفاظت از محیط زیست تأکید شده است. این اصـل، مسائل بسیاری را از حیث و منظر حقوقی بیان می‌کند و از نظر حمایت از حقوق نسل فعلی و آینده نسبت به حق بر محیط زیست سالم و رعایت انـصاف بین نسلی تکلیف روشنی را بیان نموده است. در این اصـل، چند نکته بیان شده است که حائز اهمیت برای بررسی دقیق‌تر می‌باشد. ابتدا بحث حفاظت از محیط زیست می‌باشد که در این صورت، همان بحث حفظ و رعایت حق بشری جامعه بر محیط زیست سالم مطرح می شود. سپس بحث انـصاف بین نسلی و شناسایی به میان می‌آید. یعنی رعایت انـصاف با نسل‌های فعلی و آینده و همچنین این مسائل را وظیفه ی همگان می‌داند و بحث مشارکت همگانی در حفظ محیط زیست مطرح می‌گردد و در نهایت نیز بحث ضمانت اجرای این امور به میان می‌آید که برای حفظ محیط زیست پیش بینی ضمانت اجرایی قوی مانند قانون اساسی لازم می‌باشد که در این اصـل بیان گردیده است. در این پژوهش به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی سعی در بررسی حقوق و تعهدات انـصاف بین نسلی در راستای تأمین اهداف توسعه پایدار (با تاکید بر اصـل 50 قانون اساسی ایران) شده است.
المصادر:
Abbasi Sarmadi, Mehdi; Asadi Khomeini, Reza. 2015. The Concept of Environmental Justice and Its Reflection in Regional and International Documents, Strategy Magazine, Twenty-Fourth Year, No. Seventy-seven. (In Persian)
Amini, Azam. 2015. Rethinking the relationship between justice and rights. Private Law Research Quarterly; Volume 5, Number 16. (In Persian)
Belohlavek, J.Alexander. 2013. "Application of Law in Arbitration,Ex Aequo et Bono and Amiable Compositeur", CYArb-Czech(& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration : Borders of Procedural and Substantive Law in Arbitral Proceedings (Civil versus Common Law Perspectives), Vol.3, Edith brown
Caney, Simon. 2018. Justice and Future Generations, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 21
Habibi, Mohammad Hassan. 2003. The right to a healthy environment as a human right, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Vol. 60. (In Persian)
Hossein, Moghaddad, 2017. The position of future generations' law in international law, Qom University research project, major in international law. (In Persian)
Hosseini, Mansoureh. 2002. International Measures for Environmental Protection against Atomic Pollution, Jurisprudence and Family Law, Vol. 25. (In Persian)
Iudica, Giovanni. 2013. “Ex Aequo et Bono.Three Cases of Arbitration,and Some Remarks About Equity", NAT,L Italian American Bar Journal, Vol.21:37
G. Laitosand J. P. Tomain. 1992. "Energy and Natural Resources Law", West Publishing Company
John Drexhage and Deborah Murphy. 2012. “Sustainable Development from Brundtland to Rio”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, available at: http://www.un.org/.../GSP16_Background%20on%20sustainable
Kariminia, Mohammad Mehdi. 2001. The place of justice in international trade la,w; Journal of Knowledge, No. 49. (In Persian)
Kavousi, Nasim. 2014. The Principle of Sustainable and Reasonable Use in International Environmental Law, Qom University Research Project, International Law. (In Persian)
Louis b. Sohn and Edith brown Weiss. 1981. Intergenerational equity in international law, American society of international law, volume 81.
Mashhadi, Ali. 2013. The Right to a Healthy Environment (Iranian-French Model), Tehran: Mizan Publishing
Mashhadi, ALI. 2013. Manuscript Booklet of International Environmental Law, International Law, Qom University . (In Persian)
Nili, Massoud; Economics and Social Justice. 2016. Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
Parvin, Mohammad Reza, 2016. Tahoori, Parisa, Protection and Exploitation of Soil and Its Place in International Environmental Law, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 18, Vol. 2. (In Persian)
Pourhashemi, Seyed Abbas et al. 2016. Formation and Development of the Concept of "Rights of Future Generations" in International Environmental Law, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 18. (In Persian)
Salimi Turkmani. 2013. The Concept of Sustainable Development in the Field of International Energy Law, International Law Journal, Vol. 49. (In Persian)
Trakman, Leon. 2008."Ex Aequo et Bono: Demystifying an Ancient Concept", Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol.8, N.2
United Nations Sustainable Development, Agenda 21, chapter11. 1992. available at:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
Weiss 1992. temporal dimension in international law, Environmental change and international law, New challenges and new dimensions, United Nations University press, available at:http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu25ee/uu25ee0y.htm#i
Zolaein, Parviz. 2011. Fundamentals of Public International Law, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publications, sixth edition. (In Persian)
_||_
Abbasi Sarmadi, Mehdi; Asadi Khomeini, Reza. 2015. The Concept of Environmental Justice and Its Reflection in Regional and International Documents, Strategy Magazine, Twenty-Fourth Year, No. Seventy-seven. (In Persian)
Amini, Azam. 2015. Rethinking the relationship between justice and rights. Private Law Research Quarterly; Volume 5, Number 16. (In Persian)
Belohlavek, J.Alexander. 2013. "Application of Law in Arbitration,Ex Aequo et Bono and Amiable Compositeur", CYArb-Czech(& Central European) Yearbook of Arbitration : Borders of Procedural and Substantive Law in Arbitral Proceedings (Civil versus Common Law Perspectives), Vol.3, Edith brown
Caney, Simon. 2018. Justice and Future Generations, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 21
Habibi, Mohammad Hassan. 2003. The right to a healthy environment as a human right, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Vol. 60. (In Persian)
Hossein, Moghaddad, 2017. The position of future generations' law in international law, Qom University research project, major in international law. (In Persian)
Hosseini, Mansoureh. 2002. International Measures for Environmental Protection against Atomic Pollution, Jurisprudence and Family Law, Vol. 25. (In Persian)
Iudica, Giovanni. 2013. “Ex Aequo et Bono.Three Cases of Arbitration,and Some Remarks About Equity", NAT,L Italian American Bar Journal, Vol.21:37
G. Laitosand J. P. Tomain. 1992. "Energy and Natural Resources Law", West Publishing Company
John Drexhage and Deborah Murphy. 2012. “Sustainable Development from Brundtland to Rio”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, available at: http://www.un.org/.../GSP16_Background%20on%20sustainable
Kariminia, Mohammad Mehdi. 2001. The place of justice in international trade la,w; Journal of Knowledge, No. 49. (In Persian)
Kavousi, Nasim. 2014. The Principle of Sustainable and Reasonable Use in International Environmental Law, Qom University Research Project, International Law. (In Persian)
Louis b. Sohn and Edith brown Weiss. 1981. Intergenerational equity in international law, American society of international law, volume 81.
Mashhadi, Ali. 2013. The Right to a Healthy Environment (Iranian-French Model), Tehran: Mizan Publishing
Mashhadi, ALI. 2013. Manuscript Booklet of International Environmental Law, International Law, Qom University . (In Persian)
Nili, Massoud; Economics and Social Justice. 2016. Tehran: Ney Publishing. (In Persian)
Parvin, Mohammad Reza, 2016. Tahoori, Parisa, Protection and Exploitation of Soil and Its Place in International Environmental Law, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 18, Vol. 2. (In Persian)
Pourhashemi, Seyed Abbas et al. 2016. Formation and Development of the Concept of "Rights of Future Generations" in International Environmental Law, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 18. (In Persian)
Salimi Turkmani. 2013. The Concept of Sustainable Development in the Field of International Energy Law, International Law Journal, Vol. 49. (In Persian)
Trakman, Leon. 2008."Ex Aequo et Bono: Demystifying an Ancient Concept", Chicago Journal of International Law, Vol.8, N.2
United Nations Sustainable Development, Agenda 21, chapter11. 1992. available at:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
Weiss 1992. temporal dimension in international law, Environmental change and international law, New challenges and new dimensions, United Nations University press, available at:http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu25ee/uu25ee0y.htm#i
Zolaein, Parviz. 2011. Fundamentals of Public International Law, Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publications, sixth edition. (In Persian)
