تحکیم جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی در دعاوی محیط زیستی علیه دولت
الموضوعات :
روح اله کریمی
1
,
عباس پهلوان زاده
2
,
حسین جلالی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران(مسئول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران
تاريخ الإرسال : 07 الثلاثاء , صفر, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 04 الثلاثاء , ربيع الثاني, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 24 السبت , ذو الحجة, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
دعاوی,
محیط زیستی,
مسئولیت مدنی,
دادخواه خصوصی,
شخص حقیقی,
ملخص المقالة :
اگرچه امروزه حفاظت و حمایت از محیط زیست بسیار حائز اهمیت بوده و جلوه حمایتی قانونی از آن را شاهد هستیم، اما دعاوی محیط زیستی در کشور ما هنوز جایگاه منحصر به خود را پیدا نکرده است. اگرچه اصل پنجاهم قانون اساسی و سایر قوانین حمایت از محیط زیست را در چارچوب خود دارند، اما نظام حقوقی جامع با کارکرد مسئولیت و رویکرد حمایتی از دادخواهی خصوصی متبلور نشده است. از این رو، نیل به تثبیت ذینفع خصوصی و تبیین اصل دادخواهی دعاوی زیست محیطی، پژوهش را هدف مند می سازد.
این پژوهش بر اساس منابع کتابخانه ای به روز و به صورت فیش برداری و توصیفی- تحلیلی به نقش قلم آراسته شده است.
در پژوهش حاضر این پرسش مطرح گردیده که قدرت مطالبه گری و دادخواهی اشخاص خصوصی مطابق چارچوب های قانونی به چه صورت است؟ در این راستا یافته ما این است که مطالبه گری اشخاص خصوصی با وضعیت موجود و جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی در دعاوی محیط زیستی نزد محاکم و مراجع قضایی و شبه قضایی قوت گرفته و در فراز های قانونی و رویه ای تبلور یافته است.
با این توصیف در این پژوهش با تشریح جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی، چارچوب های جبران خسارت و همچنین نقش مراجع صالح حل اختلاف نیز مورد مداقه قرار گرفته و ذینفع خصوصی در مقام خواهان می تواند علیه دولت به طرح دعوی بپردازد.
المصادر:
Shams, Abdullah (2020) Advanced Civil Procedure, Drak Publications, Volume 1, Page 23 and Bahrami, Bahram (2003) Civil Procedure, Tehran, Negah Bineh Publications, 6th edition, page 113.(In Persian)
Taghizadeh Ansari, Mostafa (1995) Environmental Law in Iran, Tehran, Samat Publications, First Edition, Page 51. (In Persian)
Abdolhai, Abbas (2015) Environmental Lawsuits Against the Government in Iranian Law and International Law, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Azizaleh Fahimi, Qom University, Faculty of Law. Page 128. (In Persian)
Karimi, Ruhollah (2017) Explaining Environmental Damages in the Light of Liability, Tools and Legal Regime, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Maryam Afshari, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, page 29. (In Persian)
Fahimi, Azizaleh (2012) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Destruction in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law (Comparative Study in French Law and International Documents), Qom, Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, First Edition, page 65. (In Persian)
Katozian, Nasser, Ansari, Mehdi (2008) Liability for Environmental Damage, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, No. 2, pp. 285-313. (In Persian)
Ghasemi, Nasser, Piri, Maryam (2009) Legal-Judicial Study of How and the Role of Exercising Citizenship Rights in Environment, Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 11, Number 3, Fall, pp. 205-221. (In Persian)
Kifi, Zohreh (2015) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Damages in Iranian Law with a Look at the Lugano Convention 1993, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Taybi, Islamic Azad University, Electronic Branch, page 17. (In Persian)
Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2011) Prevention and Suppression of Environmental Crimes in the Light of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Iranian Legal System, Journal of Justice Law, No. 75, pp. 199-225. (In Persian)
Koushki, Gholam Hassan (2009) The Challenges of the Iranian Penal System in the Field of Environmental Crimes, Legal Information Quarterly, pp. 87 to 104. (In Persian)
Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2008) A Reflection on the Role and Position of Non-Governmental Organizations in Environmental Criminal Cases, Mofid Letter, No. 67, pp. 91-110. (In Persian)
Bahrami Ahmadi, Hamid, Alam Khani, Azam (2013) A Reflection on the Practical Aspects of Civil Liability Lawsuits Against the Government Against Environmental Damages, Public Law Knowledge Quarterly, Second Year, No. 5, Fall, pp. 83-110. (In Persian)
Nasser Katozian (2004) Principles of Public Law, Mizan Publishing, Tehran, Second Edition, Page 163. (In Persian)
Nejad Moghaddam Zanjani, Niloufar (2021) Corporate Social Responsibility for Compensation for Environmental Damages with Emphasis on Civil Liability, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Mina Mohajer, Damavand University of Guidance, p. 31. (In Persian)
Katozian, Nasser (1997) Government Civil Liability for the Employees' Actions, Tehran, Dadgostar Publishing, First Edition, p. 48. (In Persian)
Fahimi, Azizullah, Mashhadi, Ali (2011) Shiite jurisprudence and change in the principles of environmental civil liability, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 41, Number 1, pp. 313-326. (In Persian)
Haji Nouri, Gholamreza (2012) The Role of Guilt in Guarantee of Causation, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 42, Number 3, Pages 143 to 158. (In Persian)
Jam, Farhad (2008) Access to Environmental Justice Exploring the Position Theory and Public Interest Claims in the United States, Constitutional Law, Year 7, No. 9, pp. 81-96. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, Mohsen (2007) Criminal Protection of the Environment: A Reflection on the Requirements of Environmental Criminal Law, Environmental Sciences, Fifth Year, No. 1, pp. 97-117. (In Persian)
_||_
Shams, Abdullah (2020) Advanced Civil Procedure, Drak Publications, Volume 1, Page 23 and Bahrami, Bahram (2003) Civil Procedure, Tehran, Negah Bineh Publications, 6th edition, page 113.(In Persian)
Taghizadeh Ansari, Mostafa (1995) Environmental Law in Iran, Tehran, Samat Publications, First Edition, Page 51. (In Persian)
Abdolhai, Abbas (2015) Environmental Lawsuits Against the Government in Iranian Law and International Law, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Azizaleh Fahimi, Qom University, Faculty of Law. Page 128. (In Persian)
Karimi, Ruhollah (2017) Explaining Environmental Damages in the Light of Liability, Tools and Legal Regime, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Maryam Afshari, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, page 29. (In Persian)
Fahimi, Azizaleh (2012) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Destruction in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law (Comparative Study in French Law and International Documents), Qom, Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, First Edition, page 65. (In Persian)
Katozian, Nasser, Ansari, Mehdi (2008) Liability for Environmental Damage, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, No. 2, pp. 285-313. (In Persian)
Ghasemi, Nasser, Piri, Maryam (2009) Legal-Judicial Study of How and the Role of Exercising Citizenship Rights in Environment, Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 11, Number 3, Fall, pp. 205-221. (In Persian)
Kifi, Zohreh (2015) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Damages in Iranian Law with a Look at the Lugano Convention 1993, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Taybi, Islamic Azad University, Electronic Branch, page 17. (In Persian)
Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2011) Prevention and Suppression of Environmental Crimes in the Light of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Iranian Legal System, Journal of Justice Law, No. 75, pp. 199-225. (In Persian)
Koushki, Gholam Hassan (2009) The Challenges of the Iranian Penal System in the Field of Environmental Crimes, Legal Information Quarterly, pp. 87 to 104. (In Persian)
Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2008) A Reflection on the Role and Position of Non-Governmental Organizations in Environmental Criminal Cases, Mofid Letter, No. 67, pp. 91-110. (In Persian)
Bahrami Ahmadi, Hamid, Alam Khani, Azam (2013) A Reflection on the Practical Aspects of Civil Liability Lawsuits Against the Government Against Environmental Damages, Public Law Knowledge Quarterly, Second Year, No. 5, Fall, pp. 83-110. (In Persian)
Nasser Katozian (2004) Principles of Public Law, Mizan Publishing, Tehran, Second Edition, Page 163. (In Persian)
Nejad Moghaddam Zanjani, Niloufar (2021) Corporate Social Responsibility for Compensation for Environmental Damages with Emphasis on Civil Liability, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Mina Mohajer, Damavand University of Guidance, p. 31. (In Persian)
Katozian, Nasser (1997) Government Civil Liability for the Employees' Actions, Tehran, Dadgostar Publishing, First Edition, p. 48. (In Persian)
Fahimi, Azizullah, Mashhadi, Ali (2011) Shiite jurisprudence and change in the principles of environmental civil liability, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 41, Number 1, pp. 313-326. (In Persian)
Haji Nouri, Gholamreza (2012) The Role of Guilt in Guarantee of Causation, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 42, Number 3, Pages 143 to 158. (In Persian)
Jam, Farhad (2008) Access to Environmental Justice Exploring the Position Theory and Public Interest Claims in the United States, Constitutional Law, Year 7, No. 9, pp. 81-96. (In Persian)
Abdollahi, Mohsen (2007) Criminal Protection of the Environment: A Reflection on the Requirements of Environmental Criminal Law, Environmental Sciences, Fifth Year, No. 1, pp. 97-117. (In Persian)
