نقش مراجع قضایی داخلی در شناسایی و تضمین عدالت میان نسلی به عنوان رکن اساسی توسعه پایدار
الموضوعات :توکل حبیب زاده 1 , کیوان اقبالی 2 , امیر پناهنده ثمرین 3
1 - دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و حقوق دانشگاه امام صادق (ع) ، تهران، ایران. (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشآموختۀ دکتری حقوق بینالملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. عضو گروه حقوق بشر و بین الملل پژوهشگاه قوه قضاییه.
3 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: توسعه پایدار, محیط زیست, عدالت میان نسلی, مراجع قضایی داخلی,
ملخص المقالة :
در دهه های اخیر، افزایش گسترده نابرابری در جهان و تخریب نگران کننده محیط زیست، دولت ها را به بازبینی نحوه تدوین و اجرای برنامه های توسعه واداشته است، بازبینی که ماحصل آن طرح مفهوم جدیدی با عنوان توسعه پایدار می باشد. توسعه پایدار فرایندی از توسعه است که در آن مطلوب بودن و امکانات موجود در طول زمان کاهش پیدا ننموده و نوعی عدالت توزیعی مستلزم تقسیم عادلانه فرصتهای توسعه بین نسل های کنونی و آینده به عنوان یکی از مهمترین اهداف توسعه مزبور برقرار خواهد شد. در این میان، با عنایت به آنکه مراجع قضایی به عنوان تضمین کنند گان اصلی عدالت در هر جامعه تلقی شده، در تحقیق حاضر سعی بر آن گردیده تا با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، نقش و جایگاه این مراجع در ورود به مسئله لزوم رعایت عدالت میان نسلی در پیشبرد هر گونه برنامه توسعه ملی یا محلی و در نتیجه ایجاد التزام به رعایت ملاحظات مرتبط با این بعد از عدالت مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. در این راستا، بررسی رویه قضایی موجود در دادگاه های برخی از کشورها حکایت از آن دارد که مراجع مذکور می توانند نقشی اساسی در شناسایی و تضمین برقراری عدالت بین نسل حاضر و نسل های آینده در جریان تدوین و اجرای برنامه های توسعه ملی و ناحیه ای، به عنوان یکی از اهداف اصلی توسعه مبتنی بر پایداری بر عهده گیرند.
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- Todaro, Michael, Economic Development in the Third World, Translated by Gholamali Farjadi, Volume.1, Tehran: Plan and Budget Organization, 1991. (In Persian)
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- Ramezani Ghavam Abadi, Mohammad Hossein & Shafighfard, Hassan, Sustainable Development and Right to a Healthy Environment: Contradiction or Companionship, World Politics: a Quarterly Journal, 2016, Volume.5, Issue:1, pp.241-271. (In Persian)
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- Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project. Hungary/Slovakia. Judgment of 25 September 1997
- Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Oxford University Press. New York. USA. 1987
- Dernbach, John C. 1998. Sustainable Development as a Framework for National Governance. Case Western Reserve Law Review. Vol. 49. Issue 1. pp.1-103
- A/RES/S-19/2. Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21. 19 September 1997
- United Nations Conference on Environment & Development. Agenda 21. Rio de Janerio. Brazil. 3 to 14 June 1992
- Farahanifar, Saeed, Intergenerational justice in the exploitation of natural resources, Journal of Islamic Economics, 2007. Issue.25, pp.125-156. (In Persian)
- Fayyazi, Mohammad Taghi& Ali Asghar Ajdari; Mojtaba Bagheri Tudashki, Sustainability of budget based on intergenerational justice in exploiting oil resources; an approach for Iran, Journal of Iran's Economic Essays, 2020,Volume 16, Issue 32, pp.35-59
- Maggio, G.F. 1997. Inter/intragenerational Equity: Current Applications under International Law for Promoting the Sustainable Development of Natural Resources. Buffalo Environmental Law Journal. 4. No. 2. pp.161-223
- Brown Weiss, Edith 1998. Our rights and Obligations to Future Generations and the Environment. American Journal of International Law. Vol.84. pp.197-207
- Farchakh, Loubna.2003. The Concept of Intergenerational Equity in International Law. thesis for Masters of Laws. Faculty of Law. Montreal.Institute of Comparative Law. McGill University
- The Constitution of India. 26 November 1949
- The Constitution of Philippines. 1987
- Republic of the Philippines Supreme Court. Oposa v. Factoran. G.R. No. 101083. 30 July 1993.
- Robinson, Nicholas. 1997. Attaining Systems for Sustainability through Environmental Law. Natural Resources & Environment. Vol. 12. No. 2. pp.86-141
- Dirth, Elizabeth .2018. Governance for Future Generations: A Global Review of the Implementation of Intergenerational Equity, Course: Sustainable Development – Environmental Governance Track. Thesis for Master of Laws. Utrecht: University of Utrecht
- Republic of the Philippines Supreme Court. Third Division, Hilarion M. Henares.Jr., et al. v. Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board and Department of Transportation and Communications. G. R. No. 158290. 23 October 2006
- Republic of the Philippines Supreme Court. Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait v. Secretary Angelo Reyes. G.R. No. 180771. 21 April 2015
- Land and Environment Court of New South Wales. Gray v The Minister for Planning and Ores. NSWLEC 720. 27 November 2006
- Rose, Anne. 2007. Gray v Minister for Planning: the rising tide, of climate change litigation in Australia. Sydney Law Review. Vol. 29. Issue 4. pp. 725-734
- Land and Environment Court of New South Wales. Taralaga Landscape Guardians Inc. v. Minister for Planning.NSWLEC 59 (Taralaga). 12 February 2007
- District Court of The Hague. Urgenda Foundation v The State of the Netherlands (Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment). C/09/00456689. 24 June 2015
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