• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • ارزیابی تأثیر نوع زیتوده و دمای گرماکافت بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال زیستی

شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : JEST-2111-5571 (R1) زيارة : 69 الصفحة: 133 - 150

10.30495/jest.2022.64466.5571

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

ارزیابی تأثیر نوع زیتوده و دمای گرماکافت بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال زیستی

الموضوعات :

ندا سیدی 1 (استادیار گروه شیمی دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.)
مهدی احمدیوسفی 2 (پژوهشیار دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
مهدیه امیری نژاد 3 (استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.)
محبوبه زاهدی فر 4 (استادیار گروه شیمی دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران.)
فاطمه علیزاده 5 (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد شیمی دارویی از دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته کرمان، کرمان، ایران.)
محبوبه زاهد 6 (دانش‌آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 29 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1443 تاريخ التأكيد : 16 الأربعاء , جمادى الثانية, 1443 تاريخ الإصدار : 27 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1444

الکلمات المفتاحية: زغال زیستی و بقایای کشاورزی, گرماکافت, کربن پایدار,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: فرآوری پسماندهای آلی و بازگشت آن‌ها به خاک، کمک شایانی به کشاورزی پایدار می‌نماید. زغال زیستی حاصل از فرآیند گرماکافت پسماندهای آلی است. ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی زغال زیستی به طور معنی‌داری متأثر از ویژگی‌های زیتوده و نیز دمای فرآیند گرماکافت می‌باشد. اطلاع از ویژگی‌های زغال زیستی تولید شده برای استفاده به عنوان یک ماده اصلاحی در خاک ضروری می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش تعیین بهترین دما و زیتوده برای تولید زغال زیستی می‌باشد. روش بررسی: به منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع زیتوده و درجه حرارت‌های مختلف فرآیند گرماکافت جهت انتخاب زغال زیستی با بالاترین قابلیت جذب و تبادل یونی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و دانشکده علوم دانشگاه جیرفت در بهار سال 1400 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل پنج نوع زغال زیستی تهیه شده از بقایای گندم، بقایای یونجه، بقایای سیب زمینی، خاک اره و لیف درخت خرما در دماهای 300، 400 و 500 درجه سانتی‌گراد بودند. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی زغال زیستی‌ها شامل اسیدیته (pH)، شوری (EC)، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (CEC)، چگالی ظاهری، چگالی حقیقی، کربن پایدار، نیتروژن کل، تخلخل، سطح ویژه، عملکرد زغال زیستی و مقدار خاکستر با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SAS (9.1) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با افزایش درجه حرارت از 300 به 500 درجه سانتی‌گراد مقدار عملکرد زغال زیستی، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (CEC) و چگالی ظاهری آن کاهش یافت و در مقابل اسیدیته (pH)، شوری (EC)، چگالی ظاهری، چگالی حقیقی، کربن پایدار، نیتروژن کل، تخلخل، سطح ویژه، عملکرد و مقدار خاکستر در زغال زیستی‌های تولید شده افزایش نشان داد. همچنین ویژگی‌های مختلف زغال‌های زیستی به شدت تحت تاثیر ماهیت مواد اولیه نیز قرار دارد. با توجه به نتایج زغال زیستی حاصل از بقایای یونجه در دمای 500 درجه سانتی‌گراد به عنوان بهترین زغال زیستی قابل دسترس توصیه می‌شود. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: در فرآبند تولید زغال زیستی ماهیت مواد اولیه و نیز درجه حرارت فرآیند گرماکافت نفس بسزایی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی زغال زیستی دارند. با در نظر گرفتن ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی برای تولید انبوه و اقتصادی این ماده، می‌توان به ترتیب اولویت زغال‌های زیستی تولید شده حاصل از بقایای یونجه، خاک اره، لیف خرما، بقایای سیب زمینی و بقایای گندم در دمای 500 درجه سانتی‌گراد را جهت بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و در نهایت افزایش راندمان جذب عناصر غذایی از خاک، پیشنهاد کرد.

المصادر:


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  1. Ahmad Yousefi, M., Kamkar, B., Amiri Nezhad, M. and Gharekhloo, J. 2019. Assessment of the effect of different chemical fertilizers, biochar and Trichoderma fungi treatments at mother plant on germination and other hybrid corn KSC 704 seed germination components in maternal growth under accelerated aging test. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 6(1): 133-144. (Journal of Seed Science and Resarch). (In Persian)
    2.
  2. Hooker, M., Herron, G., and Pena, P. (1982) Effects of residue burring removal, and incorporation on irrigated cereal crop yields and chemical properties. Soil Sci. 46: 122-126.
    3.
  3. Yousefi, M., Shariatmadari, H., and Hajabasi, M.A. 2007. Measurement of some of available organic carbon stocks as an indicator of soil quality. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 42(11): 429-439. (In Persian)
    4.
  4. Lehmann, J. 2007. Bio-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5: 381–387.
    5.
  5. Schultz, H. and Bruno, G. 2012. Effects of biochar compared to organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and plant growth in a greenhouse experiment. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175: 410–422.
    6.
  6. Khanmohammadi, Z., Afyuni, M., and Mosaddeghi, M.R. 2015. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on chemical and physical properties of sewage sludge biochar. Waste Management and Research, 33(3):275-283.
    7.
  7. Sun, J., Norouzi, O. and Mašek, O., 2021. A state-of-the-art review on algae pyrolysis for bioenergy and biochar production. Bioresource technology, p.126258.
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  8. Wang, Y., Ma, X., Saleem, M., Yang, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Effects of corn stalk biochar and pyrolysis temperature on wheat seedlings growth and soil properties stressed by herbicide sulfentrazone. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 102208.
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  9. Berslin, D., Reshmi, A., Sivaprakash, B., Rajamohan, N. and Kumar, P.S., 2021. Remediation of emerging metal pollutants using environment friendly biochar-Review on applications and mechanism. Chemosphere, p.133384.
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  10. Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S., 1982. Nitrogen—total. In: Black, C.A.(ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, The American Society of Agronomy. pp: 595-624.
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  11. Chan, K., and Xu, Z. (2009) Biochar: Nutrient Properties and Their Enhancement, in: J. Lehmann, S. Joseph: Biochar for Environmental Management. Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, UK. pp: 67–84.
    12.
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    13.
  13. Claoston, A.W., Samsuri, M.H., Ahmad Husni, M.S. and Mohd, A. (2014). Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of empty fruit bunch and rice husk biochars. Waste Management & Research. Vol. 32(4): 331–339.
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  14. Glaser, B., Lehmann, J. and Zech, W. (2002). Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal: A review. Biol Fertil Soils. 35: 219–230.
    15.
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  19. Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E., and Bol, R. 2010. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105: 47-82.
    20.
  20. Singh, B., Mei Dolk, M., Shen, Q., and Camps-Arbestain, M. 2017. Biochar pH, electrical conductivity and liming potential. In: Biochar: A Guide to Analytical Methods, Chapter 3, Singh, B., Camps-Arbestain, M., and Lehmann J., (Eds.). Publisher CSIRO, PP. 23-38.
    21.
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    22.
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  36. Horne PA, and Williams PT.1996. Influence of temperature on the products from the flash pyrolysis of biomass. Fuel, 75(9): 1051-1059.
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  37. Yuan, J. H., Xu, R. K., and Zhang, H. 2010. The forms of alkalis in thebiochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures. Bioresource Technol. 102: 3488–3497.
    38.
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