ارزیابی تاثیرات بصری نمای ساختمان ها بر منظر طبیعی (نمونه موردی:بلوار نمازمشهد)
الموضوعات :
مریم معتمدی نژاد
1
(دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.)
ساناز سعیدی مفرد
2
(استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
تاريخ الإرسال : 07 الثلاثاء , ذو الحجة, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 16 الإثنين , ربيع الأول, 1442
تاريخ الإصدار : 18 الجمعة , جمادى الثانية, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
بلوار نماز شهر مشهد,
منظر,
ارزیابی تاثیرات بصری,
نمای شهری,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین چالشها پیرامون توسعه های اخیر شهری، موضوع نماهای شهری است، که به علت عدم سنخیت و هماهنگی نماهای شهری با بستر و زمینه ی طبیعی شهرها بیش از پیش حائز اهمیت گردیده است. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی تاثیرات بصری نمای ساختمان ها بر منظر طبیعی است و عرصه پژوهش بلوار نماز واقع در ارتفاعات جنوبی کلانشهر مشهد می باشد.
روش بررسی: روش شناسی پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف کاربردی و از حیث روش، توصیفی تحلیلی است. ابتدا به منظور شناخت کیفیتهای بصری محدوده مطالعاتی از روش برداشت میدانی و ابزار عکسبرداری استفاده گردید سپس داده ها بااستفاده از نرم افزارهای گرافیکی تحلیل شد و در نهایت با استفاده از روش ارزیابی تاثیرات بصری VIA، به ارزیابی اثرات نماهای شهر بر منظر طبیعی محدوده اقدام گردید.
یافته ها: یافته ها نشان می دهد مولفه های رابطه در نمای شهری ساخت و سازهای اخیر تاثیرات مثبت و مستقیم و در برخی حوزه های نفوذ به علت عدم هماهنگی و عدم رعایت ریتم و تداوم بصری و سایر معیارهای مجاورتی تاثیرات مستقیم، منفی و میان مدت از خود به جای گذاشته است و درخصوص مولفه هایی از قبیل هماهنگی و وحدت در سبک معماری، نوع مصالح و پالت رنگی مورد استفاده در نماهای شهری، تاثیرات منفی بلند مدت برای آن پیش بینی می شود.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر حاکی از آن است که در سالهای اخیر مرتفع سازی در بلوار نماز از یکسو و عدم همخوانی الگوهای ساخت و سبک معماری با زمینه بافت شهری از سوی دیگر، اثرات منفی، مستقیم و بلند مدت بر منظر طبیعی داشته و منجر به انسداد دید و پیدایش اغتشاشات بصری و از بین رفتن منظر و ساختارهای اکلوژیک محدوده گردیده است.
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Askari, A. H. . Binti Dola, Kamariah. Influence of Building Façade Visual Elements on Its Historical Image: Case of Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia. 2009. Design and built invvironment. vol.5. pp. 49-59
Brian. An introduction of visual impact assessment. 2011. WEDC. LoughboroghUniversity
J. Garcia. L. Ayuga, F. Assessment of the visual impact made on the landscape by new buildings: a methodology for site selection. 2004. Land and urban plan. Vol. 68. 15-28
A. Landscape and visual impact assessment.1392. Art. Vol.177. pp.19-12. (In Persian)
H. R. Fitzbibbon, J.E. Bechard, K.P. Wightman. J. A. Itami. R. M: Procedure for as- sessing visual quality for landscape planning and management. 1987. Environ. Manag. Vol. 11. pp.359-367
Feenberg-Dibon. A. M. Thinking through Landscape. Berque, A. NY: Routledge. 2013
A. Mansouri. SA. .Barati.N. Urban Infrastructures and the Necessity of Changing Their Definition and Planning Landscape Infrastructure; a New Concept for Urban Infrastructures in 21st Century. Bagh-E Nazar. 2017. Vol.13. pp. 5-18. (In Persian)
F. City as Landscape, A Post Post-Modern View of Design and Planning, Turner. T. 2. Tehran: Processing and urban planning. 1996. Pp. 117. (In Persian)
A. mansoori. S. A. The study of landscape concept with an emphasis on the views of authorities of various disiplines. Bagh-Nazar. 1396. Vol14. Pp17-28. (In Persian)
H. Landscape is everywhere. The construction of landscape by US-American laypersons. Geographische Zeitschrift. 2015. Vol. 103. pp. 151-170
AS. Urban landscape A review of several theories. Abadi. 1385. Vol. 53. Pp. 54-62(Persian)
Keshtkaran, R. Urban landscape: A review of key concepts and main purposes, International Journal of Development and Sustainability .2019. vol. 8(2). Pp. 144-164
S. Ansari. M. Evaluating the effect of urban landscape elements on the local affiliation (Case study: Narmak neighborhood of Tehran), City Identity. 2011. Vol. 18. Pp. 39-46. (In Persian)
A. Dictionary of Dehkhoda. Moein. M. 1347. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
T. Lasnamäe Track and Field Centre: Façade, MAJA, Estonian Architectural Review. 2004. Retrieved 7 September 2007
A. Thurlow. C. Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space. 1.314. London: Continuum. 2010
A. H. A user preference modelling method for the assessment of visual complexity in building façade Hussein. 2018
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K. Creating sustainable place. Tehran, shahid Beheshti University. 1393.p 137. (In Persian)
M. City plan and façade and Appearance of the city. Articles on the city and urban planning. Lynch. K. 1373. Tehran University. (In Persian)
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L. Riken. H. Kazuhisa. I. Preferences for a lake landscape: Effects ofEbuilding height and lake width. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.2018. Vol. 70. pp. 22-33
Karimi Moshaver. M. Methods, Techniques and Tools in Urban Visual Analysis. Bagh-Nazar. 1393. Vol. 11. pp. 73-80. (In Persian)
Smardon,Richard(2012),Visual Impact Assessment: Where have we come from and where are we going? Enviromental protection, vol. 7 , 1333-1341
A. Gholami .S. Karimimoshaver. M. .Assessing the visual impact of physical features of tall buildings: Height,top, color, Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2016. Vol. 57. pp. 53-62. (In Persian)
Https://earth.google.com ,2020
Mashhad reference location data,1390, Researcher field perception,1399
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Mashhad reference location data,1390
M. Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment. 2. Tehran: Tehran University press.1385. pp.84. (In Persian)
