جستاری حقوقی بر ارتباط سنجی تمرکز و مخاطرات طبیعی در تهران
الموضوعات :
محمد زرشگی
1
,
سید محمد هاشمی
2
1 - استادیار گروه حقوق،واحد پردیس،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،پردیس،ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استاد، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،تهران،ایران.
تاريخ الإرسال : 05 السبت , شعبان, 1439
تاريخ التأكيد : 20 الأربعاء , شوال, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 15 الإثنين , محرم, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
اصل احتیاط,
محیط زیست,
اصول حقوق اداری,
تمرکز,
زلزله,
ملخص المقالة :
کلانشهر تهران به دلایل متعدد از جمله نوع مکان گزینی، توسعه فیزیکی نامناسب،عدم رعایت توسعه متوازن و آمایش سرزمین،عدم رعایت اصل احتیاط در مباحث زیست محیطی به عنوان اصلی پیشگیرانه و غیره همواره در معرض خطرات ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی قرار داشته است.از جمله مخاطراتی که تهران را تهدید می کند،زمین لرزه قریب الوقوع و معضلات زیست محیطی مستقر است.تراکم جمعیتی اصلی ترین علت وجودی و وجوبی معضلات زیست محیطی مستقر در تهران می باشد. مسلما با وقوع زلزله احتمالی در تهران و با وجود تراکم جمعیتی موجود در پایتخت که 19 برابر میانگین کشوری است،میزان آسیب ها و تلفات ناشی از وقوع آن می تواند منجر به یک فاجعه انسانی شود.لذا می توان اعمال اصول حقوقی را راهکاری موثر برای غلبه بر معضلات بالا دانست.بااجرای قوانین موجود در زمینه تراکم زدایی از تهران از جمله:توسعه متوازن وآمایش سرزمین در چارچوب اصل تساوی، اجرای دولت الکترونیک در چارچوب اصل انطباق،کوچک سازی دولت در پرتو بند 10 اصل سوم قانون اساسی،تحقق دولت رفاه به معنای واقعی در چارچوب اصل انتظار مشروع،اهتمام جدی برای کاهش آسیب های ناشی از وقوع زلزله احتمالی و معضلات زیست محیطی مستقر در تهران در پرتو اعمال اصل احتیاط و... می توان تا حدود بسیار زیادی به عمده مشکلات این ابرشهر فائق آمد.در پژوهش حاضر قصد داریم از منظری حقوقی به ارائه راهکارهایی جهت کاهش آسیب های محتمل ناشی از خطرات طبیعی یادشده بپردازیم.روش تحقیق حاضر توصیفی-تحلیلی و کاربردی است.
المصادر:
Katoozian, N., 1394.Les Fondements de droit Public, Tehran: Mizan, Fifth edition. (In Persian)
Dugit, Leon., 1388.Lecons de droit public general, translated by Mohammad Reza Vijeh, Tehran: Mizan.First Edition. (In Persian)
Peters, b., 1996.the future of governing: for emerging models. university of Kensas university.
Rezaee Zadeh, M. J, Kazemi, D., 1391.Recognition of the theory of "public service" and principles of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Journal of Islamic jurisprudence, Vol 3, No 5, pp.23-46. (In Persian)
Emami, M., Ostovar Sangari, K., 1391.Administrative law, Tehran: Mizan, Second Volume, First Edition. (In Persian)
Novin, P.,1386. The comparative Administrative law, Tehran: Tadris, First Edition. (In Persian)
Ashoori & others., 1394.Human rights & concepts of equality, fairness and justice, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Gholami, M., 1391.Guarantee the neutrality of the public service, Master's Thesis,Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Hadavand, M., AqaeeTogh, M., 1389.Administrative Tribunals in the Light of Principles, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Kuhn, C., 1373.Democracy, Translated by Fariborz Majidi, Tehran: Kharazmi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Vijeh, M.R., 1390.Les Bases Theoriques et Structure De l᾽Etat De Droit, Tehran: Jangal, First Edition. (In Persian)
Rasekh, M.1384.Theory of Human Rights and International Law, Journal of Legal Studies, No.41, pp.35-51. (In Persian)
Vijeh, M., 1383.The concept of equality in the new public law, Journal of Fundamental Rights, Vol 1, No.2, pp.213-252. (In Persian)
Emami, M., Ostovar Sangari, K., 1389.Administrative law, Tehran: Mizan, First Volume, Eleventh Edition. (In Persian)
Soltani, S., N., 1391.The Concept of Equality before the Law in the Supplement of the Iranian Constitution during the Constitutional Revolution, Vol 2, No.4, pp 59-90. (In Persian)
Mazaree, Gh., 1392.Revocation of Executive Regulations in The Administrative Court of Justice: Causes and Motivations, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Gorji Azandariani, A., A., 1389.Les Fondements de droit Publc, Tehran: Jangal, Second Edition. (In Persian)
Hadavand, M., Kazemi, D., 1392.Reflection on modern principles of administrative law civil service management law (Article 90 of the Law of Civil Service Management), Journal of Rahbord, Vol 22, No.67, pp 63-93. (In Persian)
Mohsen Zadeh, A., 1391.Max Weber's bureaucracy and administrative law, democratic, Master's Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Rezaee ZadehM., J., Zereshkian, S., 1390.To Study Electronic General Services in Iranian Legal System, Journal of Private Law, Vol 8, No 19, pp.137-168. (In Persian)
Behnia, M., 1392.The principle of legitimate expectation: A Conceptual Framework.In: Jalali, M., Vijeh, M., Administrative law ideas, Proceedings donated to master. Dr Manoochehr Tabatabaee Motameni.Tehran: Majd, First Edition. (In Persian)
Clayton, Richard., 2003.legitimate expectations policy and the principle of consistency.the Cambridge law journal.vol 62, pp.24-50.
Zangi Abadi, A., Tabrizi, N., 1385.Tehran earthquake and assess the vulnerability of urban areas, Journal of Geographical Research, Vol 38, No 56, pp.115-130. (In Persian)
Afzali, R., Yari Shegefti, E., 1391.Management of potential earthquake Tehran political crisis: the crisis of authority and political legitimacy, Journal of Political Science, The seventh year, No 2, pp.49-86. (In Persian)
Menoni, s., 1995.chains of damage and failure in metropolitan invironment: some observation in the kobe earthquake in 1995.journal of hazardous materials.vol 86,issues 1-3,retrived from www.elsevier.com.
Alexander, d., 2002.principle of emergency and managements. oxford university press.
Avazeh, A., Jafari, N., 1385.Speaking in: Check capabilities and limitations of teaching hospitals of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in crisis management (planning, structural and non-structural), Strategies to improve crisis management congress in accidents unexpected. (In Persian)
Arab, M., & Others., 1387.The knowledge and practice of executive managers and the relationship between them and preparedness against earthquake events (government hospitals affiliated to medical university: 1385), Journal of Management-Health, No 34, pp.7-15. (In Persian)
Sadati Minaee, S., Z., Nemati Kashtali, R., 1393.An analysis of the Iranian capital transfer using multi-criteria models, Journal of Studies Urban Planning, Vol 2, No 6, pp.103-125. (In Persian)
Amir Arjmand, A., 1373.The preservation of the environment and national solidarity, Journal of Legal Studies, No 15, pp. 34-49. (In Persian)
Noegilz, E., Z., 1388.Precautionary principle as a sign of the postmodern mentality and human needs, Journal of Cognition (Human Sciences Research Letter), No 61/1, pp 121-146. (In Persian)
Taghi Zadeh Ansari, M., 1384.Environmental Rights in Iran, Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Ramezani Qavam Abadi, M., H., 1392.The preservation of the environment in Iran᾽s Constitution, Journal of Justice legal opinions, Vol 18, No 63, pp.93-140. (In Persian)
Moosavi, F., A., Arashpoor, A., R., 1394.The “Principle of Prevention” in international environmental law, Journal of Public Law Studies, Vol 45, No 2, pp.167-179. (In Persian)
House reviews the constitution.,1364. The proceedings of the House for a final review of the constitution of Iran, Tehran: Department of Cultural Affairs and Public Relations of the Parliament, Third Volume, First Edition. (In Persian)
Sadati Minaee, S., Z., Nemati Kashtali, R.,1393. An analysis of the Iranian capital transfer using multi-criteria models, Journal of Studies Urban Planning, Vol 2, No 6, pp.103-125. (In Persian)
Mottaghi Dastanaee, A., Lotfi, H., Sadeghi, M., 1393.Political geography Dimensions of the Placing & Transferring of capitals in Iran, Journal of Regional Planning, Vol 4, No 16, pp.137-148. (In Persian)
Bashirieh, H., 1387.Teaching political science (political science and theoretical foundations established), Tehran: Negah Moaser, ninth Edition. (In Persian)
Hewet paul c. and mark r Montgomery., 2001.proverty and public servicesin developing-country cities.
_||_
Katoozian, N., 1394.Les Fondements de droit Public, Tehran: Mizan, Fifth edition. (In Persian)
Dugit, Leon., 1388.Lecons de droit public general, translated by Mohammad Reza Vijeh, Tehran: Mizan.First Edition. (In Persian)
Peters, b., 1996.the future of governing: for emerging models. university of Kensas university.
Rezaee Zadeh, M. J, Kazemi, D., 1391.Recognition of the theory of "public service" and principles of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Journal of Islamic jurisprudence, Vol 3, No 5, pp.23-46. (In Persian)
Emami, M., Ostovar Sangari, K., 1391.Administrative law, Tehran: Mizan, Second Volume, First Edition. (In Persian)
Novin, P.,1386. The comparative Administrative law, Tehran: Tadris, First Edition. (In Persian)
Ashoori & others., 1394.Human rights & concepts of equality, fairness and justice, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Gholami, M., 1391.Guarantee the neutrality of the public service, Master's Thesis,Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Hadavand, M., AqaeeTogh, M., 1389.Administrative Tribunals in the Light of Principles, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Kuhn, C., 1373.Democracy, Translated by Fariborz Majidi, Tehran: Kharazmi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Vijeh, M.R., 1390.Les Bases Theoriques et Structure De l᾽Etat De Droit, Tehran: Jangal, First Edition. (In Persian)
Rasekh, M.1384.Theory of Human Rights and International Law, Journal of Legal Studies, No.41, pp.35-51. (In Persian)
Vijeh, M., 1383.The concept of equality in the new public law, Journal of Fundamental Rights, Vol 1, No.2, pp.213-252. (In Persian)
Emami, M., Ostovar Sangari, K., 1389.Administrative law, Tehran: Mizan, First Volume, Eleventh Edition. (In Persian)
Soltani, S., N., 1391.The Concept of Equality before the Law in the Supplement of the Iranian Constitution during the Constitutional Revolution, Vol 2, No.4, pp 59-90. (In Persian)
Mazaree, Gh., 1392.Revocation of Executive Regulations in The Administrative Court of Justice: Causes and Motivations, Tehran: Khorsandi, First Edition. (In Persian)
Gorji Azandariani, A., A., 1389.Les Fondements de droit Publc, Tehran: Jangal, Second Edition. (In Persian)
Hadavand, M., Kazemi, D., 1392.Reflection on modern principles of administrative law civil service management law (Article 90 of the Law of Civil Service Management), Journal of Rahbord, Vol 22, No.67, pp 63-93. (In Persian)
Mohsen Zadeh, A., 1391.Max Weber's bureaucracy and administrative law, democratic, Master's Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
Rezaee ZadehM., J., Zereshkian, S., 1390.To Study Electronic General Services in Iranian Legal System, Journal of Private Law, Vol 8, No 19, pp.137-168. (In Persian)
Behnia, M., 1392.The principle of legitimate expectation: A Conceptual Framework.In: Jalali, M., Vijeh, M., Administrative law ideas, Proceedings donated to master. Dr Manoochehr Tabatabaee Motameni.Tehran: Majd, First Edition. (In Persian)
Clayton, Richard., 2003.legitimate expectations policy and the principle of consistency.the Cambridge law journal.vol 62, pp.24-50.
Zangi Abadi, A., Tabrizi, N., 1385.Tehran earthquake and assess the vulnerability of urban areas, Journal of Geographical Research, Vol 38, No 56, pp.115-130. (In Persian)
Afzali, R., Yari Shegefti, E., 1391.Management of potential earthquake Tehran political crisis: the crisis of authority and political legitimacy, Journal of Political Science, The seventh year, No 2, pp.49-86. (In Persian)
Menoni, s., 1995.chains of damage and failure in metropolitan invironment: some observation in the kobe earthquake in 1995.journal of hazardous materials.vol 86,issues 1-3,retrived from www.elsevier.com.
Alexander, d., 2002.principle of emergency and managements. oxford university press.
Avazeh, A., Jafari, N., 1385.Speaking in: Check capabilities and limitations of teaching hospitals of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in crisis management (planning, structural and non-structural), Strategies to improve crisis management congress in accidents unexpected. (In Persian)
Arab, M., & Others., 1387.The knowledge and practice of executive managers and the relationship between them and preparedness against earthquake events (government hospitals affiliated to medical university: 1385), Journal of Management-Health, No 34, pp.7-15. (In Persian)
Sadati Minaee, S., Z., Nemati Kashtali, R., 1393.An analysis of the Iranian capital transfer using multi-criteria models, Journal of Studies Urban Planning, Vol 2, No 6, pp.103-125. (In Persian)
Amir Arjmand, A., 1373.The preservation of the environment and national solidarity, Journal of Legal Studies, No 15, pp. 34-49. (In Persian)
Noegilz, E., Z., 1388.Precautionary principle as a sign of the postmodern mentality and human needs, Journal of Cognition (Human Sciences Research Letter), No 61/1, pp 121-146. (In Persian)
Taghi Zadeh Ansari, M., 1384.Environmental Rights in Iran, Tehran: Samt. (In Persian)
Ramezani Qavam Abadi, M., H., 1392.The preservation of the environment in Iran᾽s Constitution, Journal of Justice legal opinions, Vol 18, No 63, pp.93-140. (In Persian)
Moosavi, F., A., Arashpoor, A., R., 1394.The “Principle of Prevention” in international environmental law, Journal of Public Law Studies, Vol 45, No 2, pp.167-179. (In Persian)
House reviews the constitution.,1364. The proceedings of the House for a final review of the constitution of Iran, Tehran: Department of Cultural Affairs and Public Relations of the Parliament, Third Volume, First Edition. (In Persian)
Sadati Minaee, S., Z., Nemati Kashtali, R.,1393. An analysis of the Iranian capital transfer using multi-criteria models, Journal of Studies Urban Planning, Vol 2, No 6, pp.103-125. (In Persian)
Mottaghi Dastanaee, A., Lotfi, H., Sadeghi, M., 1393.Political geography Dimensions of the Placing & Transferring of capitals in Iran, Journal of Regional Planning, Vol 4, No 16, pp.137-148. (In Persian)
Bashirieh, H., 1387.Teaching political science (political science and theoretical foundations established), Tehran: Negah Moaser, ninth Edition. (In Persian)
Hewet paul c. and mark r Montgomery., 2001.proverty and public servicesin developing-country cities.
