• الصفحة الرئيسية
  • تأثیر آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه نشده شهری بر تجمع فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی و زیرسطحی

شارک

عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : JEST-1611-3165 (R1) زيارة : 164 الصفحة: 317 - 333

10.22034/jest.2018.22585.3165

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

تأثیر آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه نشده شهری بر تجمع فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی و زیرسطحی

الموضوعات :

عیسی سلگی 1 , مهدی شاهوردی نیک 2 , مهدی رمضانی 3

1 - دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده محیط‌زیست و انرژی، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیاردانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران.

تاريخ الإرسال : 28 الإثنين , صفر, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 30 الإثنين , جمادى الأولى, 1438 تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الخميس , رمضان, 1441

الکلمات المفتاحية: خاک, فلزات سنگین, آبیاری با فاضلاب, تغییرات عمقی,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: به دلیل کمبود آب شیرین برای آبیاری، فاضلاب به عنوان یک مکمل مهم و منبع آب جایگزین در دهه های اخیر در آبیاری زمین های کشاورزی های استفاده شده است. آبیاریمزارع با فاضلاب سبب آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک، محصولات کشاورزی و آب های زیرزمینی می شود، در نتیجه تهدیدی برای سلامت انسان و امنیت غذایی است. هـدف از انجـام ایـن پژوهش بررسی اثر آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه نشده شهری بر تجمع سرب، کادمیوم مس و روی در خاک سطحی و زیرسطحی و ویژگی های خاک سطحی بود. روش بررسی :در تحقیق حاضر به منظور برداشت نمونه های خاک سطحی (0-20 سانتی متر) و زیر سطحی (20-40 سانتی متر) از اراضی کشاورزی جنوب شهر بروجرد، 13 مزرعه آبیاری شده با فاضلاب تصفیه نشده شهری و 7 مزرعه آبیاری شده با آب چاه که بافت خاک مشابهی داشتند انتخاب شدند. نمونه های خاک برای اندازه گیری سرب، کادمیوم، مس ، روی،pH ، EC و مواد آلی خاک طبق روش های استاندارد آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که میانگین غلظت همه فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی (بجز مس) و زیرسطحی آبیاری شده با فاضلاب تصفیه نشده شهری در مقایسه با خاک آبیاری شده با آب چاه بیشتر بود. روند تغییرات عمقی فلزات در خاک آبیاری شده به این شکل بود: 1-با فاضلاب شهری: سرب و مس خاک زیرسطحی>خاک سطحی ؛ کادمیوم و روی خاک سطحی>خاک زیرسطحی و 2-با آب چاه: سرب و مس خاک سطحی>خاک زیرسطحی ؛ کادمیوم و روی خاک زیرسطحی > خاک سطحی. بحث و نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد بافت سبک خاک سبب انتقال این فلزات به لایه های پایین خاک شده است. به طور کلی، غلظت سرب، مس و روی پایین تر از استاندار FAO/WHO و کادمیوم بالاتر از آن بود. بنابراین، به منظور حصول اطمینان از ایمنی غذایی و استفاده از فاضلاب برای آبیاری، نظارت مستمر و کنترل آلودگی مورد نیاز است. در ضمن چنانچه تصفیه فاضلاب به طور مناسب انجام شود، تجمع فلزات سنگین در خاک و محصولات کشاورزی کمتر اتفاق خواهد افتاد.

المصادر:


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  1. Tóth, G., Hermann, T., Szatmári, G., Pásztor, L. 2016.Maps of heavy metals in the soils of the European Union and proposed priority areas for detailed assessment. Science of the Total Environment 565 (2016): 1054–1062.
    2.
  2. Liu, Y., Wang, H., Li, X., Li, J. 2015. Heavy Metal Contamination of Agricultural Soils in Taiyuan, China. Pedosphere 25(6): 901–909, 2015.
    3.
  3. Flores-Magdaleno, H., Mancilla-Villa, O. R., Mejía-Saenz, E, Bautista-Olivas, A.L. 2011.Heavy metals in agricultural soils and Irrigation wastewater of Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo, Mexico. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(24): 5505-5511.
    4.
  4. Pourang, N.,   Noori, A.S. 2014. Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil, Surface Water and Groundwater of an Agricultural Area Adjacent to Tehran oil Refinery, Iran. Int. J. Environ. Res., 8(4):871-886.
    5.
  5. Ibrahim, A.K., Yakubu, H., Askira, M.S. 2014. Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated in Wastewater Irrigated Soils and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in Kwadon, Gombe State Nigeria. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (6): 502-508.
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  6. Alghobar, M.A., Suresha, S. 2017. Evaluation of metal accumulation in soil and tomatoes irrigated with sewage water from Mysore city, Karnataka, India. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural. 16(1) 2017: 49-59.
    7.
  7. 7-Meng, W., Wang, Z., Hu, Beibei, Z., Hongyuan Lic, W., Goodman, R.C. 2016. Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China: A case study assessment. Agricultural Water Management 171:153–161.
    8.
  8. Bashir, F., Kashmiri, M.A., Shafiqa, T., Tariqa, M. 2009. Heavy metals uptake by vegetables growing in sewage irrigated soil: relationship with heavy metal fractionation in soil.Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability 21(4):199-209.
    9.
  9. Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y.M. , Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G. 2008.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution 152: 686-692.
    10.
  10. Tabari, M., Salehi, A. 2012. Impact of irrigation by municipal sewage on accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 13(4): 49-60 (In Persian).
    11.
  11. Beigi Harchegani, H., Banitalebi, G. 2013. The Effect of twenty-three years of surface irrigation with treated municipality wastewater on soil loadings, transfer to wheat and corn grains, and related health risks of some heavy metals. Journal of Water and Soil. 27(3):570-580 (In Persian).
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  12. Christou, A., Eliadou, E., Michael, C., Hapeshi, E., Fatta-Kassinos, D. 2014 Assessment of long-term wastewater irrigation impacts on the soil geochemical properties and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals to the agricultural products. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186(8):4857–4870.
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  16. Tabandeh, L., Taheri, M., 2016. Assessment of pollution and relationship between heavy metals Concentration in soil and leafy vegetables in Zanjan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil Research. 30(1):49-60 (In Persian).
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  19. Zafarzadeh, A., Mehdinejad M.H., Amani, N. 2015. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil irrigated by sewage sludge and industrial effluent (case study: Agh ghallah Industrial Estate. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 25(121): 217-226 (In Persian).
    20.
  20. Rattan, R. K., Datta, S. P., Chhonkar, P. K., Suribabu, K., & Singh, A. K. 2005. Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater-a case study. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 109 (3 – 4): 310 – 322.
    21.
  21. Xu, J., Wu, L., Chang, A. C., Zhang, Y. 2010. Impact of long- term reclaimed wastewater irrigation on agricultural soils: a preliminary assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1 – 3): 780 – 786
    22.
  22. Mojiri, A. 2011. Effects of Municipal Wastewater on Physical and Chemical Properties of Saline Soil. J. Biol. Environ. Sci.,   5(14): 71-76.
    23.
  23. Rusan, M, Hinnawi, S, Rousan, L. 2007.  Long term effect soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination. 215: 143-152.  
    24.
  24. Jahantigh, M .2008. Impact of Recycled Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Chemical Properties in an Arid Region. Pakistanian Journa l of Biological Sciences. 11(18): 2264-2268.
    25.
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    32.
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    33.
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    34.
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    35.
  35. Etim, A. O. Ekpo, F. E., Okeke, A. I. 2016. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Soils and Edible Vegetables Grown in Core Crude Oil Producing Communities of Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 4(1): 1-6.
    36.
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    38.
  38. Singh, G., Bhati, M. 2005. Growth of Dalbergia sissoo in desert regions of western India using municipal effluent and the subsequent changes in soil and plant chemistry. Bioresource Technology, 96 (9): 1019-1028.
    39.
  39. Rieuwerts, J. S., Thornton, I., Farago, M. E., Ashmore, M. R. 1998. Factors influencing metal bioavailability in soils: preliminary investigations for the development of a critical loads approach for metals. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 10(2): 61-75(15).
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    41.
  41. Ungaro, F., Ragazzi, F., Cappellin, R., Giandon, P. 2008. Arsenic concentration in the soils of the Brenta Plain (Northern Italy): Mapping the probability of exceeding contamination thresholds. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 96(2–3):117–131.
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12.   Karimi, B., Abdi, CH., Fathi- Tilko, Z., Gavilian, H. 2016. Effect of Irrigation with Treated Urban Wastewater on Heavy Metals Accumulation and Distribution in Soil Profile under Corn and Tomato. Water Research in Agriculture30(1):89-101 (In Persian).

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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