تجمع فلزات سنگین در بافت های سه گونه ماهی در آبهای خلیج فارس و ارتباط آن با برخی مشخصات زیست سنجی

الموضوعات :

مهرنوش نوروزی ¹ , محمد مهدی صادقی ² , مصطفی باقری توانی ³ , هدیه زندآور ⁴

1 - استادیار گروه بیولوژی دریا و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن، ایران* ( مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناسی ارشد بوم شناسی آّبزیان شیلاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد بوم شناسی آّبزیان شیلاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، ایران.
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، تنکابن، ایران.

تاريخ الإرسال : 02 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1436 تاريخ التأكيد : 04 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1437 تاريخ الإصدار : 22 الجمعة , ذو الحجة, 1440

الکلمات المفتاحية: خلیج فارس, تجمع زیستی, فلزات سنگین, بافت,

ملخص المقالة :

زمینه و هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین و سمی سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک، در بافت های عضله، پوست و آبشش در سه گونه گیش گوژپشت (Alectis indicus)، هامور منقوط قهوه ای (Epinephelus chlorostima) و سرخو مخطط زرد (Lutjanus imniscatus) بود. همچنین تاثیر 4 عامل وزن، طول کل و طول استاندارد بر میزان تجمع این فلزات در بافت عضله این ماهیان بررسی شد. روش بررسی: نمونه گیری از ماهیان سه گونه، در ماه های (مهر و آبان) در سواحل بوشهر در آبهای خلیج فارس انجام شد. پس از زیست سنجی، جهت اندازه گیری غلظت فلزات سنگین (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) بافت های عضله، پوست و آبشش هر یک از ماهیان تفکیک گردید. جهت استخراج فلزات از بافت های مورد نظر از روش هضم با استفاده از مخلوط اسید استفاده شد. تعیین غلظت بوسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی مجهز به سیستم کوره گرافیتی انجام شد. یافته ها: نتایج، حاکی از وجود رابطه خطی منفی معنی دار بین میزان تجمع فلزات Pb, Cd, Hg با طول استاندارد بود. فلز آرسنیک با وزن و طول کل رابطه خطی مثبت معنی دار نشان داد. بیشترین میزان تجمع فلزات در بافت آبشش و کمترین آن در بافت عضله مشاهده شد و این اختلاف معنی دار بود. بیشترین تجمع فلزات سرب و کادمیوم بین سه گونه، در گیش گوژپشت و بیشترین تجمع فلزات جیوه و آرسنیک در سرخو مخطط زرد و کمترین آن در هامور منقوط قهوه ای بود و این اختلاف معنی دار بود. بحثونتیجهگیری: طبق دادهای ثبت شده و مقایسه با استانداردهای سازمان بهداشت جهانی، سازمان کشاورزی و غذایی سازمان ملل و اداره محیط زیست امریکا هر 4 فلز سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک بالا تر از حد مجاز استاندارد بود و برای سلامتی انسان مضر است.

المصادر:

1. Sadeghi, S.N., 2001. Morphological and Biological characteristics of southern Iranian fishes (The Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). Naghshe Mehr Publisher. 450p.  )In Persian(


2. Anon, T., 1995. Water pollution in the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Payam-e Darya. Ship Organization Islamic Republic Iran. Vol.32, pp. 13-20.


3. Banat, I. M., Hassan, E. S., El- Shahawi, M. S., Abu-Hilal, A. H., 1998. Post- Gulf war assessment of nutrients, heavy metal ions, hydrocarbons and bacterial pollution levels in the United Arab Emirates coastal waters. Environment International, Vol.24, No.1/2, pp. 109- 116.


4. Sheppard, C., 1993. Physical environment of the Gulf relevant to marine pollution: An overview, Marine Pollution Bulletin,Vol.27, pp. 3-8.


5. Saeed, T., Al yakoob, S., Al- Hashash, H., Al- Bahloul, M., 1995. Preliminary exposure assessment for Kuwaiti consumers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood. Environment International, 3, pp. 255-263.


6. Elsagh, A., 2011, Determination of some heavy metals in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fillet from south Caspian Sea. Veterinary Researches and Biological products, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 33-44.)In Persian(


7. Jaffar, M., Ashraf, M. Rasoal, A., 1998. Heavy metal contents in some selected local freshwater fish and relevant waters. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol.31, No,3, pp.189-193.


8. Esmaili Sari, A., 2002. Pollution, health and environmental standards. University Press, Tarbiat Modares, 767P. )In Persian(


9. Chale, F.M.M., 2002. Trace metal concentrations in water, sediments and fish tissuefrom Lake Tanganyika. Total Environment, Vol.299, pp. 115–121.


10. Lakshmanan, R., Kesavan, K., Vijayanand, P., Rajaram, V., Rajagopal, S., 2009. Heavy Metals Accumulation in Five Commercially Important Fishes of Parangipettai, Southeast Coast of India, Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, Vol.1, pp. 63-65.


11. Moopam, 1983. Manual of oceanographic observation and pollution analysis. Regeonal organization for the protection of marine environment (ROPME).


12. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water USA. 2005. 100-200 p.


13. Commission of the European communities. 2001. Eu commission decision 466/2001/EC of 8 March 2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, G.U.EU-L 77/1p.


14. Pourang, N., Tanabe, S., Rezvani, S., Dennis, J., 2005. Trace elements accumulation in edible tissue five sturgeon species from the Caspian Sea. Environ Monitor Assess, Vol.100, pp. 89–108.


15. Roberts R.J., 2001. Fish pathology, 3ed. In: W.b Sawnders. Harcornt publisher co. LTD. London, England.


16. Van Duljn, R.C., 2000. Diseases of fishes. Narendra publishing house. Delhi, India.


17. WHO (World Health Organization), 1996. Health criteria other supporting information. In: Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2 ed, 2, pp. 31-388.


18. Kheirvar, N., Dadolahi Sohrab, A., 2010. Heavy Metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, & Cu) Concentrations in Barbus grypus and Sediments from Arvand River. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.12, (2), pp. 123-131. )In Persian(


19. Javaheri, Baboli, M., Velayatzadeh, M., 2013. Determination of heavy metals and trace elements in the muscles of marine shrimp, fenneropanaeus merguiensis form Persian Gulf, Iran, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, Vol.23, pp. 786-791.


20. Sobhanardakani, S., Tayebi, L., Farmany, A. 2011. Toxic Metal (Pb, Hg and As) contamination of muscle, gill and liver tissues of Otolithes rubber, Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus commerson and Onchorynchus mykiss. World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 10, pp. 1453-1456.


21. Singh, J.G., Chang-Yen, I., Stoute, V.A., Chatergoon, L., 1991. Distribution of selected heavy metals in skin and muscle of Five Tropical Marine Fishes. Environmental Pollution,Vol. 69, pp. 203-215.


22. Elder, J.F., Collins, J.J., 1991. Freshwater mollusks as indicators of bioavailability and toxicity of metals in surface systems. Bulletin of  Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol.122, pp. 37-39.


23. Heath, A.G. 1987. Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. Florida: Lewis publishing.


24. Farkas, A., Salanki, J., Specziar, A., 2003. Age and size specific patterns of heavy metals in the organs of fresh water fish Abramis brama L. populating a low contaminated site, Water Res, Vol.37, pp. 959-964.


25. Canli, M., Atli, G., 2003. The relationships between heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environm Pollution. Vol.121, pp. 129–136.


26. Liang, Y., Cheung, R.Y.H. Wong, M.H., 1999. Reclamation of water for polyculture of freshwater fish: bioaccumulation of trace metals in fish. Water Research. Vol.33, pp. 2690-2700.


27. Coetzee, L., Du Preez, H.H., Vuren van, J.H.J., 2002. Metal concentrations in Clarias gariepinus and Labeo umbratus from the Olifant and Klein Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa: Zinc, copper, manganese, lead, chromium, nickel, aluminum and iron. Water SA, Vol.28, No.4, pp. 433-448.


28. Nussey, G., Vuren van, J.H.J., Dupreez, H.H., 2000. Bioaccumulation of chromium, manganese, nikel and lead in the tissues of the Labeo umbratus from Witbank dam, Mpumalanga. Watersa, Vol.26, pp. 269-284.


29. Amini Ranjbar, Gh., Sotudehnia, F., 2005. Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in muscle tissue of (Mugil auratus) in relation to standard length weight age and sex. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. Vol.14, pp. 1-18. (In Persian).


30. Pazooki, J., Abtahi., B., Rezaei, F., 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr) in the Muscle and Skin of Liza aurata from the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali). Environmental Science, Vol.7, pp. 21–32. )In Persian(


31. Monsefrad, F., Imanpour Namin, J., Heidary, S. 2012. Concentration of heavy and toxic metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg in liver and muscles of Rutilus frisii kutum during spawning season with respect to growth parameters. Iranian Journal Fish Science, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 825-839.


32. Anan, Y., Kunito, T., Tanabe, S., Mitrofanov, I. and Aubrey, D., 2005. Trace element accumulation in fishes collected from coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.51, 882-888.


33. Gašpić, Z. K., Zvonarić, T., Vrgoč, N., Odžak, N. and Barič, A., 2002. Cadmium and lead in selected tissues of two commercially important fish species from the Adriatic Sea. Water Research, Vol.36, 5023–5028.


34. Huggett, D. B., Steevens, J. A., Allgood, J. C., Lutken, C. B., Grace, C. A. and Benson, W. H., 2001. Mercury in sediment and fish from North Mississippi Lakes. Chemosphere,Vol.42, pp. 923-929.


35. Viarengo, A., 1989. Heavy metals in marine invertebrates: mechanisms of regulation and toxicity at the cellular level, Rev. Aquatic Sciences, Vol.1, 295–317.


36. Al-Weher, S. M., 2008. Levels of heavy metal Cd, Cu and Zn in three fish species collected from the Northern Jordan Valley, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol.1, 41-46.


37. Derakhshan, M., Karimi Jashni, A., 2006. The Role of Bushehr Rivers in Persian Gulf Pollution. 7th International Conference on shores, Ports and offshore. pp.5. )In Persian(


38. Dixon, H., Gil A., Gubala, C., Lasorsa, B., Crecelius, E., Curtis, L.R., 1996. Heavy methal accumulation in sediment and fresh water fish in U.S. Arctic lakes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol.16, No.4, 733 p.


39. Fuhrer, G.J, Stuart, D. J., Mckenzie, W., Rinella, J. F., Cranwford, J.K., Skach, K.A., Hornlorger, M.I., 1996. Spatial and temporal distribution of trace elements in water, sediment and aquatic biota. U.S. Geological Survey, Portland, 190 p.


40. Khalil, M., Faragallah, H., 2008. The distribution of some leachable and Total heavy metals in core sediments of Manzala lagoon, Egypt. Egypt, Journal of Aquatic Research., Vol.34, No.1, pp.1-11.34.


41. Yilmaz, B.A., 2005. Comparison of Heavy metal levels of grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) and sea Bream (Sparus aurata) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey), Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol.29, pp. 257- 262.


42. Varanasi, U., Markey, D., 1978. Uptake and release of lead and cadmium in skin and mucus of Coho Salmon, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Vol.60, pp. 187-192.


43. Hemens, J., Connell, A.D., 1975. Richards Bay: Southern bay conservation area. CSIR/NIWR Progress Report No. 29 CSIR, Durban, South.


44. Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S., Al-Ghais, S.M. 2000. Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Science of the Total Environment , Vol.256, pp. 87-94.


45. Filazi, A., Baskaya, R., Kum, C. 2003. Metal concentration in tissues of the Black Sea fish Mugil auratus from Sinop-Icliman, Turky. Human Experiment Toxic, Vol.22, pp. 85-87


46. Ali, M., Abdel-Satar, A. 2005. Studies of some heavy metals in water, sediment, fish and fish diets in some fish farms in EL-Fayoum province. Egypt Journal of Aquatic Research, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 261-273.


47. Ansari, T., Marr, I., Tariq, N. 2004. Heavy metals in marine pollution perspective- A mini review. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol. 4, No.1, pp. 1-20.


48. Marzouk, M. 1994. Fish and environmental pollution. Veterinary Medicine, Vol.42, pp. 51-52.


49. Hamza-Chaffai, A., Romeo, M., El-Abed, A., 1996. Heavy metals in different fishes from the Middle Eastern coast of Tunisia. Bulletin of  Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol.56, pp. 766-773.


50. Askary Sary, A., 2010. The study of Heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd ) in (Barbus grypus) and (Liza abu) in Karoon and Karkheh rivers. Scientific and research Journal of Marine Biology, I.A.U. Ahvaz, Vol. 1, No.4. pp .95-107. )In Persian(


51. Naseri, M. and M. Rezaei, 2005. Determination of Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn and Cu) in Liza dussumieri of Busher Costal. 15th Nathional Congress of Food Industry. Tehran. Iran. pp: 31-38. )In Persian(


52. Velayatzadeh, M., Askary, A.,  Khodadadi, M., Kazemian, M., Beheshti, M., 2014. The Survey and Comparison of Heavy Metals Hg, Cd and Pb in the Tissues of Liza Abu in the Karoon and Dez Rivers in Khoozestan Province. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 16, No.3, pp.51-61. )In Persian(


53. Sadeghi Rad, M., Amini Ranjbar, Gh., Arshad, A., Joshiedeh, H., 2005. Assessing heavy metal content of muscle tissue and caviar of (Acipenser persicus) and (Aciperser stellatus) in southern Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. Vol.3: 79-100. (In Persian).


54. Kotze, P.J., Du Preez H.H., Vuren van J.H.J. 1999. Bioaccumulation of Copper and Zinc in Oreochromis mossamicus and Clarias gariepinus, from the Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa, 12 pp.


55. Kotze, P.J. 1997. Aspects of water quality, metal contamination of sediment and fish in the Olifants River. Mpumalanga’, Rand Afrikaans University, South Africa, Water SA. 25(1): 9-110.