ارزیابی روش های قطعی و زمین آمار در پهنه بندی غلظت ذرات معلق (PM2.5 و PM10) با استفاده از GIS: مطالعه موردی، شهر سبزوار
الموضوعات :سید علی سجادی 1 , مهری دلسوز 2 , قاسم ذوالفقاری 3 , محسن میرمحمدی 4 , حامد ادب 5
1 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.
2 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. *(مسئول مکاتبات)
4 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
5 - استادیار، گروه آب و هواشناسی و ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: زمین آمار, GIS, ذرات معلق, میانیابی,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه زندگی افراد به خاطر آلاینده های متعدد وارد شده به اتمسفر ناشی از اقدامات انسانی و فعالیت های بیولوژیکی در معرض خطر است. از دیدگاه بهداشت عمومی ذرات معلق یکی از آلاینده های اصلی هوا می باشد. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی روش های میان یابی مکانی جهت تعیین غلظت سطحی ذرات معلق PM10و PM2.5 در شهر سبزوار و در نتیجه، انتخاب مناسب ترین روش میان یابی به منظور تهیه نقشه های پهنه بندی ذرات معلق در محیطGIS است. مواد و روش ها: اندازه گیری ذرات معلق PM2.5 و PM10 توسط دستگاه مونیتورینگ گرد و غبار محیطیمدلHaz-Dust EPAM5000، در 48 ایستگاه سطح شهر انجام شد و پس از اطمینان از صحت آماری آن ها در محیط نرم افزاری ARC GIS توسط افزونه زمین آماری در منطقه مورد مطالعه (شهر سبزوار) به روش های کریجینگ (Kriging)، وزن دهی فاصله معکوس (IDW) پهنه بندی و ارزیابی شد. در نهایت با توجه به مقادیر خطایی که هر الگوریتم پس از میان یابی نشان داد بهترین روش از بین روش های میان یابی مورد آزمون انتخاب شد. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل نشان دهنده این بود که بین روش های زمین آمار و قطعی تفاوت چندانی بین روش های قطعی و زمین آمار به لحاظ مقادیر مربع میانگین ریشه دوم (Root Mean Squared (RMS)) و همچنین میانگین قدر مطلق درصد خطا (Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)) وجود ندارد هر چند که این میزان برای روش های قطعی کم تر می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد که مناسب ترین روش میان یابی برای پهنه بندی غلظت ذرات معلق PM2.5 و PM10 روش قطعی با تابع IDW می باشد.
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- Burnham, P., Anderson, R., 2004. Multimodel inference understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociological Methods and Research, Vol. 33, pp. 261 -304.
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- Keynejad, M., Ebrahimi, S., 1998. Environmental Engineering. Sahand University of Technology. (In Persian)
- Rogge, W., Determination of key organic compounds in the particulate matter amission from air pollution sources. California Institute of Technology, Research Note 1994. Available From:URL:http://www.ard.ca.gov. Accessed Dec 25, 2008.
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- Bahari, R.A., Abaspour, R.A., Pahlavani, P., 2016. Zoning of particulate matters (PM) pollution using local statistical models in GIS (case study: Tehran metropolisies). Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, Vol. 5(3), pp. 165-174. (In Persian)
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- Webster, R., Oliver, M.A., 2000. Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists. Wiley Press, 271 p.
- Timonen, K., Tiittanen, P., Penttinen, P., 1997. Effects of fine and ultrafine particles on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Finish Research Programme on Environmental Health. (available at http://www.ktl.fi/sytty/ abstracts/ pekka1 htm).
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- Asakereh, H., 2008. Kriging application in climatic element interpolation, a case study: Iran precipitation in 1996.12.16. Geqgraphy and Development Journal. Vol. 6, pp. 25-42. (In Persian)
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- Hasanipak, A., 1998. Earth Statitis (Geostatitial): Tehran University. (In Persian)
- Ayobi, S., Hosseinalizadeh, M., 2007. Assessment spatil variability of soil erodibility by using of geostatiti and GIS (case study, Mehr watershed of Sabzevar). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, Vol. 60(2), pp. 369 – 82. (In Persian)
- 18-. Nasrollahi, Z., Ghaffari, M., 2010. Air pollution and its determinants (The case study of SPM, and SO2 emissions in Iran manufacturing industries). Journal of the Economic Research, Vol. 10(3), pp. 75-95.
- Hadipoor, M., Poorebrahim, S.H., 2011. Locating residential land use in urban transportation planning by the application of GIS and mathematical emission modeling of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol 37, 135-149.
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- Mirmousavi, S.H., Mirain, M., 2012. The application of geostatistics methods in temporal precipitation distribution (Case study: Kerman Province). Journal of Geography and Planning, Vol 16, pp. 153-178.
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