ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی پارک ملی کرخه جهت توسعه طبیعت‌گردی با استفاده از GIS
الموضوعات :
منا آهنگری
1
(گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران/ گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.)
سیده سولماز دشتی
2
(دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
سید محسن حسین زاده ساداتی
3
(مدیر دفتر هیدروانفورتیک، سازمان آب و برق خوزستان.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 06 الإثنين , شوال, 1437
تاريخ التأكيد : 08 الأربعاء , ربيع الأول, 1438
تاريخ الإصدار : 09 الأربعاء , رمضان, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
ارزیابی چندمعیاره,
پارک ملی کرخه,
GIS,
طبیعت‌گردی,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: توسعه گردشگری در پارک ملی، هم برای مدیریت منطقه و هم برای گردشگران مزایای فراوانی به همراه دارد. اما این مساله را در نظر داشت که انجام فعالیت های گردشگری در غیاب برنامه ریزی و مدیریت صحیح و بدون محاسبه ظرفیت برد و توان منطقه برای گردشگری، می تواند بر تجارب گردشگران و از آن مهم تر بر کیفیت و ویژگی های مناطق گردشگری اثر منفی داشته باشد. از این رو شناسایی مناطق مناسب و دارای توان، جهت گسترش و توسعه طبیعت گردی در مناطق حفاظت شده و پارک های ملی، به منظور بهره برداری پایدار از منابع طبیعی اهمیت به سزایی دارد.روش بررسی: این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی در پارک ملی کرخه با تاکید بر طبیعت گردی در سال 1392- 1393 صورت پذیرفت. پارک ملی کرخه در امتداد رودخانه کرخه می باشد. تحقیق حاضر از شیوه ای از روش ارزیابی چندمعیاره به نام ترکیب خطی وزن دار WLC و روش AHP با بکارگیری فن آوری GIS به تعیین مناطق مناسب گردشگری در پارک ملی کرخه پرداخته است.یافته ها و نتیجه گیری: معیارهای به کار رفته در مراحل ارزیابی 16 معیار می باشد که در سه طبقه معیارهای فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اقتصادی_اجتماعی فرهنگی در نظر گرفته شد. بر اساس خروجی AHP معیار تیپ پوشش گیاهی بیش ترین وزن و معیار شیب کم ترین وزن را به خود اختصاص داد، در نهایت مناطق مناسب برای طبیعت گردی با درجات متفاوتی از توان و مطلوبیت تعیین گردید. طبق نقشه طبقه بندی شده توان طبیعت گردی، حدود 82/35 درصد از پارک ملی کرخه با مساحتی معادل 36/2771 هکتار دارای توان مناسب و 86/37 درصد از پارک ملی کرخه با مساحتی معادل 77/2929 هکتار برای توسعه گردشگری مناسب نمی باشد.
المصادر:
Karami, N., 2003. Feasibility Study of Marine Nature Tourism Development in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Case Study: Kish Island. Proceedings of the Seminar on Tourism Development Policies and Planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
Bentley, T.A., Cater, C., Page, S.J., 2010. Adventure and ecotourism safety in Queensland: Operator experiences and practice. Tourism Management, 31:563-577.
Tsaur, S.H., Lin, Y.C., Lin, G.H., 2006. Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated Perspective of resource, Community and tourism. Tourism Management, 27: 640-653.
Mansoori, A., 2002. Tourism and Sustainable Development, Quarterly Journal of Geography Education Growth, 63, 36-41. (In Persian)
Laurance, W., Alonso, M., Campbell, P., 2005. Challenges for forest Conservation in Gabon, Central Africa. Futures, 38:454-474.
Dashti, S., Monavari, M., Shariat, M., Sabzghabaei, G.R., 2010. Ecological Capability Evaluation on Zakherd Watershed for Ecotourism Development by Application of GIS. Human and Environment, 8(3), 19-26. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M., 2010. Fundamental of Land use Planning, Ninth Edition, University of Tehran Press, 289 pages. (In Persian)
Mokhtarei, D., 2010. Assessment of Ecotourism Potential of Geomorphic Sites at Asyab-Kharabeh Catchment Area in North West of Iran by Pralong Method. Journal of Geography and development, 8 (18 27-52. (In Persian)
Dorbeiki, M., 2008. Guidelines for planning and management Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas, Author: Paul Eagles, Stephen McCool, Christian Hines, Environmental Protection Agency Publications, 258 pages. (In Persian)
Hai-Ling, G., Liang-qiang, W., Yoong- Peng, L., 2011, A GIS-based approach for information management in ecotourism region. Procedia Engineering, 15. PP 1988-1992.
Song, G., chen, Y., Tian, M., Shihai, S., Zhang, S., Liu, S., 2010. The Ecological Vulnerability Evaluation in Southwestern Mountain Region of China Based on GIS and AHP Method Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2. PP 465-777475.
Kumari. S., Behera. M. D., Tewari, H.R., 2010, Identification of potential ecotourism sites in West District, Sikkim, Journal of Tropical Ecology 51(1): 75-85.
Babaie-Kafaky, S., Mataji, A., Ahmadi Sani, N., 2009. Ecological capability assessment for multiple-use in forest areas using GIS-based Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5 (6): 714-721.
Geneletti, D., Dawa, D., 2009. Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29: 229-242.
Qiao, L. 2008. A model for suitability evaluation of tourism development for the suburban Minang wasteland and its empirical research. Ecological Economy, 4:338-345.
Amino, M., 2007. A Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Analysis for sustainable tourism planning. A project submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Sciences (Planning-Information Technology). Faculty of Built Environment. University Technology Malaysia, 165pp.
Dashti, S, Monavari, S.M, Hosseini, S.M, Riazi, B, Momeni, M., 2012. Land use planning model for tourism development in the Persian Gulf Islands (Case study of Qeshm Island). Wetland Ecobiology, 13, 49-61. (In Persian)
Jafari, Z., Mikaeili Tabrizi, A., Mohammadzadeh, M., Abdi, O., 2011. Tourism Capability Evaluating of Golestan National Park using multi-criteria and GIS, Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 4, 25-37. (In Persian)
Ziaei, M., Bani Kamali, S., Sharifi Kia, M., 2012. Ecological Capability Evaluation and Prioritization of Capable Zones for the Purpose of Ecotourism Development (A case study of Minoodasht Area). The Journal of Spatial planning (MJSP), 15, 109-128. (In Persian)
Erfani, M., Ardakani, T., Sadeghi, A., Pahlavanraoue, A., 2012. Sitting for Intensive Recreation in Chahnime Zone (Zabol Township) Using Multi- Criteria Decision System, Environmental Researches, 2 (4), 41-50. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A., Karami, O., Mirzaei, J., 2011. Evaluating the ecotourism potential of Badreh region in Ilam province using GIS, Natural ecosystems of Iran, 2, 63-74. (In Persian)
Soltani, Z., Nouri, S.H., 2010. Environmental potential evaluation of Khansar city for tourism development using GIS, Geographical Researches, 25(4), 77-100(In Persian)
Danehkar, A., Asadollahi, Z., Alizadeh. A., Javanshir. A., 2012. Nature Based Tourism Management Planning of Choghakhor Wetland by Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE), Journal of Natural Environment, 65 (1), 53-66. (In Persian)
Jozi, A., Moradi Majd, N., Abdollahi, H., 2009. Ecological potential Evaluation of Boal-hassan region of Dezful in order to establish tourism use by multi-criteria decision making, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 4(4), 72-84. (In Persian)
Naser Ahmadi Sani, A., Babai Kafaki, S., Mataji, A., 2011. Ecological Possibility of Ecotourism Activities in the Northern Zagros Forests Using MCDM, GIS and RS. The Journal of Town and Country Planning, 3 (5), 45-64. (In Persian)
Salman Mahini, A., Riazi, B., Naeemi, B., Kafaei, S., Javadi, A., 2009. Ecotourism capability Evaluation of Behshahr based on multi-criteria evaluation method using GIS, Environmental Science and Technology, 1, 187-198. (In Persian)
Khuzestan Department of Environmental Protection, 2007. Feasibility studies of ecotourism use in Dez and Karkheh protected area (First phase). (In Persian)
http://www.iew.ir/1391/06/09/939
Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Momeni, M., 2008. New Topics in Operations Research. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. P .352. (In Persian)
Gorsevski, P. V., Jankowski, P., 2010. An optimized solution of multi-criteria evaluation analysis of landslide susceptibility using fuzzy sets and Kalman filter. Computers and Geosciences, 36: 1005-1020.
Farajzadeh, M., Karami, T., 2004. Land Use Planning Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (Study Area: Khorramabad), Geographical Research47, 94-81. (In Persian)
Shirvani, Z., 2009. Comparison of Recreational Potential Evaluation of Neka Zalamrud Forests with hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and Gols Demirel and Makhdoum, M.Sc. Thesis Department of Forestry, Mazandaran University. (In Persian)
Bukenya, J.O., 2000. Application of GIS in ecotourism development decision: evidence from the Pearl of Africa. www.rri.wvu.edu/pdffiles/bukenya2012.pdf.Accessed on 20th September, 2004.
Jalilvand, H., Karami, O., Shah Nazari, A., Shabani, M., 2012. Recreational Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Case: Forest Park of Shahid Zare Mazandaran, Journal of Geography and Development, 29, 118-107. (In Persian)
Karami, O., 2010. Application of land management by method Systems analysis and AHP in forestry, afforestation and ecotourism (Case study: Babolrood watershed). Master Thesis, Forestry, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 114 pages. (In Persian)
Bowen, D., Clarke, J., 2002. Reflections on Tourism Satisfaction Research: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Vacation Marketin, 8(4): 297-308.
Salm, R., Price, V., 995. Selection of Marine Protected Areas: Principles and Techniques for management, Edited by Susan Gubby, Chapman and Hall, London.
IUCN/WCPA., 1999. Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas, Edited & coordinated by Graeme Kelleher, Adrian Phillips, Series Editor.
Gul, A. M., Orucu, K., Oznur, K., 2006. An approach for recreation suitability analysis to recreation planning in Golcuk Park. Journal of Environmental management, 1:606-625.
Arnberger, A., 2006. Recreation use of urban forest: An inter-area comparison. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4 (3-4): 135-144.
_||_
Karami, N., 2003. Feasibility Study of Marine Nature Tourism Development in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Case Study: Kish Island. Proceedings of the Seminar on Tourism Development Policies and Planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
Bentley, T.A., Cater, C., Page, S.J., 2010. Adventure and ecotourism safety in Queensland: Operator experiences and practice. Tourism Management, 31:563-577.
Tsaur, S.H., Lin, Y.C., Lin, G.H., 2006. Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated Perspective of resource, Community and tourism. Tourism Management, 27: 640-653.
Mansoori, A., 2002. Tourism and Sustainable Development, Quarterly Journal of Geography Education Growth, 63, 36-41. (In Persian)
Laurance, W., Alonso, M., Campbell, P., 2005. Challenges for forest Conservation in Gabon, Central Africa. Futures, 38:454-474.
Dashti, S., Monavari, M., Shariat, M., Sabzghabaei, G.R., 2010. Ecological Capability Evaluation on Zakherd Watershed for Ecotourism Development by Application of GIS. Human and Environment, 8(3), 19-26. (In Persian)
Makhdoum, M., 2010. Fundamental of Land use Planning, Ninth Edition, University of Tehran Press, 289 pages. (In Persian)
Mokhtarei, D., 2010. Assessment of Ecotourism Potential of Geomorphic Sites at Asyab-Kharabeh Catchment Area in North West of Iran by Pralong Method. Journal of Geography and development, 8 (18 27-52. (In Persian)
Dorbeiki, M., 2008. Guidelines for planning and management Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas, Author: Paul Eagles, Stephen McCool, Christian Hines, Environmental Protection Agency Publications, 258 pages. (In Persian)
Hai-Ling, G., Liang-qiang, W., Yoong- Peng, L., 2011, A GIS-based approach for information management in ecotourism region. Procedia Engineering, 15. PP 1988-1992.
Song, G., chen, Y., Tian, M., Shihai, S., Zhang, S., Liu, S., 2010. The Ecological Vulnerability Evaluation in Southwestern Mountain Region of China Based on GIS and AHP Method Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2. PP 465-777475.
Kumari. S., Behera. M. D., Tewari, H.R., 2010, Identification of potential ecotourism sites in West District, Sikkim, Journal of Tropical Ecology 51(1): 75-85.
Babaie-Kafaky, S., Mataji, A., Ahmadi Sani, N., 2009. Ecological capability assessment for multiple-use in forest areas using GIS-based Multiple Criteria Decision Making Approach. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5 (6): 714-721.
Geneletti, D., Dawa, D., 2009. Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions: A study in Ladakh, Indian Himalaya. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29: 229-242.
Qiao, L. 2008. A model for suitability evaluation of tourism development for the suburban Minang wasteland and its empirical research. Ecological Economy, 4:338-345.
Amino, M., 2007. A Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Analysis for sustainable tourism planning. A project submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Sciences (Planning-Information Technology). Faculty of Built Environment. University Technology Malaysia, 165pp.
Dashti, S, Monavari, S.M, Hosseini, S.M, Riazi, B, Momeni, M., 2012. Land use planning model for tourism development in the Persian Gulf Islands (Case study of Qeshm Island). Wetland Ecobiology, 13, 49-61. (In Persian)
Jafari, Z., Mikaeili Tabrizi, A., Mohammadzadeh, M., Abdi, O., 2011. Tourism Capability Evaluating of Golestan National Park using multi-criteria and GIS, Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 4, 25-37. (In Persian)
Ziaei, M., Bani Kamali, S., Sharifi Kia, M., 2012. Ecological Capability Evaluation and Prioritization of Capable Zones for the Purpose of Ecotourism Development (A case study of Minoodasht Area). The Journal of Spatial planning (MJSP), 15, 109-128. (In Persian)
Erfani, M., Ardakani, T., Sadeghi, A., Pahlavanraoue, A., 2012. Sitting for Intensive Recreation in Chahnime Zone (Zabol Township) Using Multi- Criteria Decision System, Environmental Researches, 2 (4), 41-50. (In Persian)
Mahdavi, A., Karami, O., Mirzaei, J., 2011. Evaluating the ecotourism potential of Badreh region in Ilam province using GIS, Natural ecosystems of Iran, 2, 63-74. (In Persian)
Soltani, Z., Nouri, S.H., 2010. Environmental potential evaluation of Khansar city for tourism development using GIS, Geographical Researches, 25(4), 77-100(In Persian)
Danehkar, A., Asadollahi, Z., Alizadeh. A., Javanshir. A., 2012. Nature Based Tourism Management Planning of Choghakhor Wetland by Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE), Journal of Natural Environment, 65 (1), 53-66. (In Persian)
Jozi, A., Moradi Majd, N., Abdollahi, H., 2009. Ecological potential Evaluation of Boal-hassan region of Dezful in order to establish tourism use by multi-criteria decision making, Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 4(4), 72-84. (In Persian)
Naser Ahmadi Sani, A., Babai Kafaki, S., Mataji, A., 2011. Ecological Possibility of Ecotourism Activities in the Northern Zagros Forests Using MCDM, GIS and RS. The Journal of Town and Country Planning, 3 (5), 45-64. (In Persian)
Salman Mahini, A., Riazi, B., Naeemi, B., Kafaei, S., Javadi, A., 2009. Ecotourism capability Evaluation of Behshahr based on multi-criteria evaluation method using GIS, Environmental Science and Technology, 1, 187-198. (In Persian)
Khuzestan Department of Environmental Protection, 2007. Feasibility studies of ecotourism use in Dez and Karkheh protected area (First phase). (In Persian)
http://www.iew.ir/1391/06/09/939
Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Momeni, M., 2008. New Topics in Operations Research. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. P .352. (In Persian)
Gorsevski, P. V., Jankowski, P., 2010. An optimized solution of multi-criteria evaluation analysis of landslide susceptibility using fuzzy sets and Kalman filter. Computers and Geosciences, 36: 1005-1020.
Farajzadeh, M., Karami, T., 2004. Land Use Planning Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (Study Area: Khorramabad), Geographical Research47, 94-81. (In Persian)
Shirvani, Z., 2009. Comparison of Recreational Potential Evaluation of Neka Zalamrud Forests with hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and Gols Demirel and Makhdoum, M.Sc. Thesis Department of Forestry, Mazandaran University. (In Persian)
Bukenya, J.O., 2000. Application of GIS in ecotourism development decision: evidence from the Pearl of Africa. www.rri.wvu.edu/pdffiles/bukenya2012.pdf.Accessed on 20th September, 2004.
Jalilvand, H., Karami, O., Shah Nazari, A., Shabani, M., 2012. Recreational Assessment Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) Case: Forest Park of Shahid Zare Mazandaran, Journal of Geography and Development, 29, 118-107. (In Persian)
Karami, O., 2010. Application of land management by method Systems analysis and AHP in forestry, afforestation and ecotourism (Case study: Babolrood watershed). Master Thesis, Forestry, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 114 pages. (In Persian)
Bowen, D., Clarke, J., 2002. Reflections on Tourism Satisfaction Research: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Vacation Marketin, 8(4): 297-308.
Salm, R., Price, V., 995. Selection of Marine Protected Areas: Principles and Techniques for management, Edited by Susan Gubby, Chapman and Hall, London.
IUCN/WCPA., 1999. Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas, Edited & coordinated by Graeme Kelleher, Adrian Phillips, Series Editor.
Gul, A. M., Orucu, K., Oznur, K., 2006. An approach for recreation suitability analysis to recreation planning in Golcuk Park. Journal of Environmental management, 1:606-625.
Arnberger, A., 2006. Recreation use of urban forest: An inter-area comparison. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4 (3-4): 135-144.
