Evaluation of the Migration of Antimony from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Used for Verjuice and Lemon Juice Packaging
الموضوعات :
1 - Assistant Professor of the Department of Food Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
الکلمات المفتاحية: Antimony, migration, Polyethylene Terephthalate,
ملخص المقالة :
The migration of antimony (Sb) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottling for acidic juices have been assessed in this study. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) method was chosen for antimony content determination. Experiments were undertaken at different conditions (15, 25, 35, 45days at 25, 50°C for first use bottle, reused bottle). Two different acidic juices (lemon juice and verjuice) were chosen for this experiment. In the first stage of study (15days) the Sb contents in both juices were below the maximum contaminant level of 5 μg/l prescribed by the European Union (EU) regulations. An increase in all the tested samples were observed after 25 days, although the antimony concentrations were below the standard limits. The increase in concentrations continued after 35 days and values were below the standard limit with exception of using reused bottle. In this condition, Sb contents reached to 5.15 and 5.11 μg /L for lemon and verjuices respectively that exceeded the standard limit. Storing at 25°C for 45 day (either for first use or reused bottle) indicated a steady state trend for both juices and as compared to 35 days, significant increases were not observed, whereas, at 50°C, acceleration of antimony migration occurred in all the cases.
Anon. (2003). Commission of the European
Communities. Official Journal of the Eurpean
Union. Directive 2003/40/EC.
Anon. (1996). World Health Organization
(WHO), Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality,
second ed., Vol. 2, WHO, Geneva, pp. 147-156.
Anon. (2002). Drinking water standards and
health advisories. Office of Water, EPA 822-S-12-
001. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Anon. (2002). EN 14233: Materials and articles
in contact with foodstuffs — plastics —
determination of temperature of plastics materials
and articles at the plastics/food interface during
microwave and conventional oven heating in order
to select the appropriate temperature for migration
testing.
Anon. (1989). International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC), Antimony trioxide
and antimony trisulfide, in: IARC (Ed.), IARC
Monographs, IARC, Lyon, France, p. 291.
Anon. (1979). U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA), Water-related Fate of the 129
Priority Pollutants, EP-440/4-79-029A.
Bach, C., Dauchy, X., Chagnon, M. C. &
Etienne, S. (2012). Chemical compounds and
toxicological assessments of drinking water stored
in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: a
source of controversy reviewed. Water Resarch,
46, 571–583.
Bach, C., Dauchy, X., Severin, I., Munoz, J. F.,
Serge Etienne, S. & Chagnon, M. C. (2014). Effect
of sunlight exposure on the release of intentionally
and/or non-intentionally added substances from
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into
water: Chemical analysis and in vitro toxicity.
Food Chemistry, 162, 63–71.
Carneado, S., Hernández-Nataren, E., López-
Sánchez, J. F. & Sahuquillo, A. (2015). Migration
of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate used
in mineral water bottles. Food Chemistry, 166,
544-550.
Chapa-Martínez, C. A., Hinojosa-Reyes, L.,
Hernández-Ramírez, A., Ruiz-Ruiz, E., Maya-
Treviño, L. & Guzmán-Mar, J. L. (2016). An
evaluation of the migration of antimony from
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for
bottled drinking water. Science of the Total
Environment, 565, 511–518.
de Jesus, A., Dessuy, B. M., Huber, C. S.,
Zmozinski, A. V., Duarte, A. T., Vale, M. G. &
Andrade, J. B. (2016). Determination of antimony
in pet containers by direct analysis of solid samples
using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry and leaching studies. Microchemical
Journal, 124, 222–227.
Fan, Y. Y., Zheng, J. L., Ren, J. H., Jun Luo, J.,
Cui, X. Y. & Ma, L. Q. (2014). Effects of storage
temperature and duration on release of antimony
and bisphenol A from polyethylene terephthalate
drinking water bottles of China. Environmental
Pollution, 192, 113-120.
Lee, S. D., Yam, K. L. & Piergiovanni, L.
(2008). Food packaging science and technology.
CRC Press. Taylor& Francis group. PET resin
association, http://www.petresin.org/aboutpet.asp
(Retreived in January/2015).
Reimann, C., Birke, M. & Filzmoser, P. (2012).
Temperature-dependent leaching of chemical
elements from mineral water bottle materials.
Appl. Geo-chem. 27, 1492–1498.
Rungchang, S., Numthuam, S., Qiu, X., Li, Y.
& Satake, T. (2013). Diffusion coefficient of
antimony leaching from polyethylene terephthalate
bottles into beverages. Journal of Food
Engineering, 115, 322–329.
Sanchez-Martenez, M., Pérez-Corona, T.,
Camara, C. & Madrid, Y. (2013). Migration of
antimony from PET containers into regulated EU
food Stimulants. Food Chemistry, 141, 816–822.
Sax, L. (2010). Polyethylene terephthalate may
yield endocrine disruptors. Environmental Health
Perspectives, 118, 445–448.
Takahashi, Y., Sakuma, K., Zheng, G., &
Mitsunobu, S. (2008). Speciation of antimony in
PET bottles produced in Japan and China by X-ray
absorption fine structure spectroscopy.
Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 9045–
9050.
www.vatanemrooz.ir.
Westerhoff, P., Prapaipong, P., Shock, E. &
Hillaireau, A. (2008). Antimony leaching from
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for
bottled drinking water. Water Research, 42, 551–
556.
