مروري بر خدمات هواشناسي، چالش‌ها و راهکارها در بخش کشاورزي جهت کاهش آسيب‌پذيري در شرايط تغيير اقليم
الموضوعات :
سعیده کمالی
1
(دانشجوي دکترا هواشناسي کشاورزي، گروه مهندسي آبياري و آباداني، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ايران. )
ابراهیم اسعدی اسکوئی
2
(استاديار، پژوهشگاه هواشناسي و علوم جو کشور، پژوهشکده اقليم شناسي، مشهد، ايران.)
مرتضی پاکدامن
3
(استاديار، پژوهشگاه هواشناسي و علوم جو کشور، پژوهشکده اقليم شناسي، مشهد، ايران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: تغییر اقلیم, کشاورزی, خدمات هواشناسی کشاورزی, کشاورزی دیجیتال,
ملخص المقالة :
زمينه و هدف: به‌منظور انطباق سيستم‌هاي کشاورزي با افزايش تنوع اقليمي نياز است که اطلاعات هواشناسي با توصيه‌هاي مديريتي قبل از شروع فصل زراعي ترکيب شوند. راهکارهايي براي کاهش آسيب‌پذيري کشاورزي در برابر افزايش تغييرات آب و هوايي از طريق مشاوره‌هاي هواشناسي کشاورزي مبتني بر پيش‌بيني آب و هوايي وجود دارد. بنابراين، هدف از اين مطالعه مروري بر خدمات ارائه‌شده توسط هواشناسي کشاورزي جهت کاهش آسيب‌پذيري کشاورزي در شرايط تغيير اقليم است. به همين منظور سعي مي‌شود تا تجارب موفق کشورهاي مختلف، اعم از کشورهاي توسعه‌يافته و برخوردار از فناوري‌هاي پيشرفته تا کشورهاي کمتر توسعه‌يافته و برخوردار از دانش بومي ـ محلي، در سازگاري با تغييرات اقليمي که شامل انواع خدمات هواشناسي کشاورزي، موانع و شکافهاي عمده در ارائه خدمات اقليمي، راهکارهاي ارائه بهتر خدمات اقليمي به کشاورزان، سرويس‌هاي اقليمي مورداستفاده در هواشناسي کشاورزي و همچنين رويکردهايي براي تسريع پذيرش فناوري‌ها و خدمات مشاوره‌اي هواشناسي کشاورزي توسط کشاورز را ارائه نمايد.
يافته‌ها و نتايج: در راستاي تاب‌آوري در برابر آثار منفي رخدادها و بلاياي طبيعي نياز است با توجه به ويژگي‌هاي جغرافيايي و اجتماعي و فرهنگي هر منطقه برنامه‌ها و سياست‌هاي تاب‌آوري با مشارکت مدني، توسعه‌ي دانش بومي و به‌کارگيري فناوري در راستاي دانش بومي و زيرساخت‌هاي منطقه‌اي همراه باشد. همچنين تصميم‌گيري‌هاي دولت‌ها و سياستگذاران، در راستاي وضع قوانين و مقررات و سياست‌هاي تاب‌آوري، مي‌تواند توانايي بازيگران ديگر را براي سازگاري با تأثيرات تغييرات اقليمي تقويت يا محدود کند. در همين راستا نتايج بررسي منابع ليستي از موانع و شکافهاي موجود شامل فقدان پيش‌بيني‌هاي اقليمي واقعي، فقدان اطلاعات در مورد رشد و نمو محصول، مشارکت کم توليدکنندگان محصولات کشاورزي در توليد و استفاده از خدمات، دسترسي ناعادلانه به کانال‌هاي ارتباطي، تطبيق ناکافي خدمات هواشناسي کشاورزي با نيازهاي کشاورزان را نشان داد. نتايج بيانگر لزوم حرکت به سمت تحول کشاورزي ديجيتال، آموزش هدفمند هواشناسي کشاورزي، تقويت نقش فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات در ارائه اطلاعات دقيق، افزايش سرمايه‌گذاري در نصب ايستگاه‌هاي هواشناسي خودکار و رادار و برگزاري سمينارها و کارگاه‌هاي آموزشي جهت غلبه بر موانع و افزايش کيفيت خدمات اقليمي ارائه‌شده در بخش کشاورزي است.
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