مطالعه تطبیقی ابزارهای ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی درپژوهش‏های اجتماعی

الموضوعات : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران

سارا حاجی علیانی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
فرحناز رستمی ² (دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
مصطفی احمدوند ³ (استاد، گروه مدیریت توسعه روستایی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.)
علی اصغر میرک زاده ⁴ (دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.)
حسین آزادی ⁵ (استادیار، گروه آگرو - بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه لیژ، ژامبلو، بلژیک.)

تاريخ الإرسال : 29 الأربعاء , محرم, 1445 تاريخ التأكيد : 03 الأربعاء , ربيع الثاني, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 08 الإثنين , ربيع الثاني, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: ارزیابی, اثرات اجتماعی, مقایسه تطبیقی, الگوی جرج بردی,

ملخص المقالة :

نظر به اینکه ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی به عنوان پیش نیازهای اجتماعی برای حل مشکلات و ناکارآمدی های اجتماعی و حتی از مهمترین بخش های شروع برای رشد اقتصادی است و فرصت هایی را برای کاربرد بنیادی مبانی توسعه ی پایدار فراهم می کند. از این رو لزوم توجه به بعد اجتماعی و تمرکز بر ارزیابی این بعد به منظور فراهم آوردن یک نتیجه گیری کلی از اثرات اجتماعی اقدامات و برنامه های توسعه ی پایدار را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. با این حال بررسی ادبیات نشان می‌دهد که مطالعات کمی در زمینه ی توصیف و تفسیر روش های ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی با وجود اهمیت و جذابیت ارزیابی این بعد در اقدامات توسعه ی پایدار وجود دارد. علیرغم در دسترس بودن معیارها برای اندازه‌گیری اثرات اجتماعی، انتخاب ابزارهایی که مطابق با نیازهای دقیق محققان حوزه علوم اجتماعی باشد، کاری بس دشوار است. به منظور پرداختن به این چالش، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر ارائه یک تحلیل جامع از ابزارهای متداول و پرکاربرد اندازه گیری اثرات اجتماعی در پروژه های اجتماعی است که با استفاده از مروری سیستماتیک بر ادبیات موضوع صورت گرفته است. از این نظر، در این مطالعه از الگوی جرج زی ال بردی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین روش های استاندارد برای مقایسه تطبیقی این ابزارها در قالب چهار مرحله توصیف، تفسیر، همجواری و مقایسه بهره گیری شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که همیشه بهترین یک روش وجود ندارد و هر روش به طور قطع روش های دیگر را منتفی نمی کند. از سویی دیگر هر روش بهتر از روش دیگر نمی باشد و انتخاب بهترین روش به عواملی مانند حوزه پژوهش، موضوع تحقیق، طراحی تحقیق، انتخاب روش های مناسب و متناسب، بازبینی در انتخاب های انجام شده، بررسی مجدد سؤال ها، ماهیت مساله و سایر عوامل زمینه ای دارد.

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