تحلیل تأثیر هوشمندی فناوری بر مزیت رقابتی در بنگاه (مطالعه موردی: شرکت‌های دارویی)
الموضوعات :
علی امینی
1
(کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: هوشمندی فناوری, رقابت‌پذیری, مزیت رقابتی, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: امروزه، قابلیت استفاده سریع و به موقع از اطلاعات و دانش فناورانه، نه تنها یک چالش بزرگ برای سازمآنها است بلکه نخستین اولویتی است که برای سازمان‌ها ایجاد مزیت می‌کند. هوشمندی فناوری فرآیندی است که با جمع‌آوری و تحلیل اطلاعات و دانش فناورانه، آگاهی لازم را برای اخذ تصمیمات در حوزه فناوری فراهم آورده و به کسب مزیت رقابتی در بنگاه کمک می‌کند. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی -علی و جامعه آماری آن کلیه شرکت‌های ایرانی در دومین نمایشگاه ایران فارما در تهران در سال 1395 است (193 شرکت). پرسشنامه این تحقیق در میان همه شرکت‌کنندگان ایرانی نمایشگاه توزیع و از میان پرسشنامه‌های توزیع شده، تعداد 98 پرسشنامه صحیح دریافت شد. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه به تأیید متخصصین رسید و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها ابتدا از نرم‌افزار SPSS و سپس برای مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی از نرم‌افزار Smart-PLS استفاده شد. یافته‌ها:بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، هوشمندی فناوری، تأثیری مثبت (0/774=β) و معنی‌دار (1/96< 18/742T=رT برمزیت رقابتی در شرکت‌های دارویی داشت. این نتایج علاوه بر تأیید مدل، نشان می‌دهد که متغیر هوشمندی فناوری با ضریب اثر 0/774، توانسته است 59/8 درصد از کل تغییرات متغیر مزیت رقابتی را در این شرکت‌ها تبیین نماید. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های تحقیق می‌توان گفت با بهره‌گیری از هوشمندی فناوری و هم‌چنین تأثیر مثبت و معنادار آن بر مزیت رقابتی، می‌توان شاهد کسب، بهبود و ارتقای مزیت رقابتی در سازمان بود.
1- Mutua MT, Ngugi K. Influence of competitive intelligence on profitability of mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 2278–0211, 2012; 1(11): 229-05.
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5- Safdari Ranjbar M, Akbarpour Shirazi M, Lashkar Blooki M. Interaction among intra-organizational factors effective in successful strategy execution: An analytical view. Journal of Strategy and Management, 2014; 7(2): 127-54.
6- Chang S-H, Fan C-Y. Analyzing Offshore Wind Power Patent Portfolios by Using Data Clustering. Industrial Engineeering and Management Systems, 2014; 13(1): 107-15.
7- Savioz P. Technology Intelligence: Concept Design and Implementation in Technology Based Sme's: Palgrave macmillan; 2003.
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15- Dominick S. Theory and Problems of International Economics. McGraw Hill Book Company; 1987.
16- Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 1991; 17(1): 99-120.
17- Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 2001; 22(6‐7): 493-520.
18- Williamson OE. Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic management journal, 1991; 12(S2): 75-94.
19- Hunt SD, Morgan RM. The comparative advantage theory of competition. The Journal of Marketing; 1995: 1-15.
20- Lado N, Maydeu-Olivares A, Martinez-Martinez MA. The relationship between market orientation and service innovation in the insurance business: a Spanish investigation. International Journal of Management, 1999; 16: 374-85.
21- Hamel G, Prahalad CK. Competing for the Future: Harvard Business Press; 2013.
22- Lovelock C, Wright L. Principles of service marketing and management: Prentice Hall; 2001.
23- Sharma B, Gadenne D. An investigation of the perceived importance and effectiveness of quality management approaches. The TQM Magazine, 2001; 13(6): 433-45.
24- Menguc B, Auh S, Shih E. Transformational leadership and market orientation: Implications for the implementation of competitive strategies and business unit performance. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(4): 314-21.
25- Chen Y-S, Lin M-JJ, Chang C-H. The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009; 38(2): 152-8.
26- Matthews J, Shulman AD. Competitive advantage in public-sector organizations: explaining the public good/sustainable competitive advantage paradox. Journal of Business Research, 2005; 58(2): 232-40.
27- Mehralian G, Shabaninejad H. The Importance of Competitiveness in New Internationalized and Competitive Environment of Pharmaceutical Industry. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 2014; 13(2): 351.
28- Hinton PR. Statistics explained: Routledge; 2014.
29- Hulland J, Business RISo. Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 1999; 20(2): 195-204.
30- Chin WW. Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR; 1998.
31- Henseler J, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2015; 43(1): 115-35.
32- Wetzels M, Odekerken-Schröder G, Van Oppen C. Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly; 2009: 177-95.
_||_1- Mutua MT, Ngugi K. Influence of competitive intelligence on profitability of mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 2278–0211, 2012; 1(11): 229-05.
2- Khazaee S, Elahi Dehaqi I. Crucial Factors in the Efficacy of National Foresight. Journal of Futures Study; 2012: 5-28. [Persian]
3- Pozdņakova A. Knowledge management and foresight elements for small and medium enterprises; 2008.
4- Placzek M, Eberling C, Gausemeier J, editors. Conception of a Knowledge Management System for Technologies. 24th International Association for Management of Technology Conference Proceedings, Cape Town; 2015.
5- Safdari Ranjbar M, Akbarpour Shirazi M, Lashkar Blooki M. Interaction among intra-organizational factors effective in successful strategy execution: An analytical view. Journal of Strategy and Management, 2014; 7(2): 127-54.
6- Chang S-H, Fan C-Y. Analyzing Offshore Wind Power Patent Portfolios by Using Data Clustering. Industrial Engineeering and Management Systems, 2014; 13(1): 107-15.
7- Savioz P. Technology Intelligence: Concept Design and Implementation in Technology Based Sme's: Palgrave macmillan; 2003.
8- Macartney J. Intelligence: A consumer's guide∗. International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, 1988; 2(4): 457-86.
9- Bouthillier F, Shearer K. Assessing competitive intelligence software: a guide to evaluating CI technology: Information Today, Inc; 2003.
10- Mortara L, Kerr CI, Phaal R, Probert DR. Technology intelligence practice in UK technology-based companies. International Journal of Technology Management, 2009; 48(1): 115-35.
11- Schuh G, Brakling A, Apfel K, editors. Identification of requirements for focused crawlers in technology intelligence. Management of Engineering & Technology (PICMET), 2014 Portland International Conference on; 2014: IEEE.
12- Ashton WB, Stacey GS. Technical intelligence in business: understanding technology threats and opportunities. International Journal of Technology Management, 1995; 10(1): 79-104.
13- Baffour Awuah G, Abraha Gebrekidan D. Networked (interactive) position: a new view of developing and sustaining competitive advantage. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 2008; 18(4): 333-50.
14- Cogburn DL, Adeya CN. Exploring the challenges and opportunities for Africa in the information economy. The United Nations University–INTECH Discussion paper series; 2000.
15- Dominick S. Theory and Problems of International Economics. McGraw Hill Book Company; 1987.
16- Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 1991; 17(1): 99-120.
17- Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 2001; 22(6‐7): 493-520.
18- Williamson OE. Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic management journal, 1991; 12(S2): 75-94.
19- Hunt SD, Morgan RM. The comparative advantage theory of competition. The Journal of Marketing; 1995: 1-15.
20- Lado N, Maydeu-Olivares A, Martinez-Martinez MA. The relationship between market orientation and service innovation in the insurance business: a Spanish investigation. International Journal of Management, 1999; 16: 374-85.
21- Hamel G, Prahalad CK. Competing for the Future: Harvard Business Press; 2013.
22- Lovelock C, Wright L. Principles of service marketing and management: Prentice Hall; 2001.
23- Sharma B, Gadenne D. An investigation of the perceived importance and effectiveness of quality management approaches. The TQM Magazine, 2001; 13(6): 433-45.
24- Menguc B, Auh S, Shih E. Transformational leadership and market orientation: Implications for the implementation of competitive strategies and business unit performance. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(4): 314-21.
25- Chen Y-S, Lin M-JJ, Chang C-H. The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009; 38(2): 152-8.
26- Matthews J, Shulman AD. Competitive advantage in public-sector organizations: explaining the public good/sustainable competitive advantage paradox. Journal of Business Research, 2005; 58(2): 232-40.
27- Mehralian G, Shabaninejad H. The Importance of Competitiveness in New Internationalized and Competitive Environment of Pharmaceutical Industry. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 2014; 13(2): 351.
28- Hinton PR. Statistics explained: Routledge; 2014.
29- Hulland J, Business RISo. Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 1999; 20(2): 195-204.
30- Chin WW. Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR; 1998.
31- Henseler J, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2015; 43(1): 115-35.
32- Wetzels M, Odekerken-Schröder G, Van Oppen C. Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly; 2009: 177-95.
