Comparison of Design Process in Student and Instructor
الموضوعات :
Zohreh Torabi
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Creative education, Interactive Education, Implicit Knowledge, Gap Knowledge, Passive learning, Active learning, Reflective Learning,
ملخص المقالة :
In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in TehranUniversity who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learningthe subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "preparation", "incubation", "intuition", and "verification"were discussed and it was suggested that these steps cannot be taught but in skill-based learning the objective stepsof creativity process i.e. "combination", "mutation", "analogy", "first principle" and "emergence" in a form of aninstructional and designing practice were studied. In skill-based learning, three kinds of learning namely "passive","active" and "reflective are utilized. Passive learning is used by the student to discover the knowledge and skill of theinstructor. The active learning which is based on the idea is utilized for helping the novice learners. The result of thecase study indicated that the perception through creativity in the designing process is like building a bridge on theknowledge gap between teacher and student through studying the samples of architecture as an active learning andstudent's implicit knowledge as a reflective learning. In this paper the emphasis is on the values of education and thevery important point about learning designing is the access to the creativity as a product of an educational process. Tothis end the instructors' concern on the quality of improving the novice learners' designing ability and considering thesuggested model in order to evaluate the designing improvement is quite necessary and indispensible.
Amabile, T. (1982). Social Psychology of Creativity: a Consensual Assessment Technique, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 997- 1013.
Archer, L B. (1984). Systematic Method for Designers. The Design Council, London (1984) Reprinted in N. Cross (ed.) Developments in Design Methodology John Wiley, Chichester (1984).
Christians, H. (1992). Creativity in Design: The Role of Domain Knowledge in Designing. Lemma Utrecht.
Cross, N. (1994). Engineering Design Methods Strategies for Product Design. John Wiley: chichester.
Cross, N. (1997). Descriptive Models of Creative Design: Application to an Example. Design Studies, 18.
Eigbeonan, A. (2013). Effective Constructivism for the arch-design studio, International journal of Architecture and urban Development, Vol. 3, No.4, 9.
Harrison, E.G., Cough, G. (1962). Imagination- Undeveloped Resource. In Sidney J. Parnes and Harold F. Harding, etc, Source Book for creative Thinking, Sciber s, New York.
Hojat, E. (2010). Practice of architecture. University of Tehran, 32-39.
Housman, A. E., & Housman, L. (1937). Aeh: Some Poems, Some Letters and A Biographical Memoir by His Brother Laurence Housman. J Cape.
Islami, G. (2011). Acquiring the Essence of Truth in Educational Impacts of Place Formation. International Journal of Engineering Science (IUST), University of Science and Technology, Iran.
Kneller, G.F. (1965). Art and Science of creativity. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Koesteler, A. (1967). The Act of Creation. N.Y: Del Publishing co, 108.
Mahmoodi, A. S. (1998). Design Process in Architecture: An Educational Approach, Honar-Ha-Ye- Ziba Journal of Fine Art, university of Tehran, No.5, 73.
March, L. (1975). The Logic of Design and the Question of Value. in L. March (ed). The Architecture of Form Cambridge Reprinted in N. Cross (ed.) Developments in design methodology John Wiley, Chic ester (1984).
Peterson, S. (1974). Shoji Hamada: A potter’s way and work. London: A & C Black.
Plesk, P. (1996). Models for the Creativity Process. 3-13.
Polanyi, M. (1983). The tacit dimension. Gloucester MA: Peter Smith.
Rosenman, M. & Gero, (1993). Creativity in Design Using a Design Prototype Approach. in J. Gero and M. L. Maher (eds) Modeling creativity and Knowledge based creative design Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
Schon, D.A. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and learning in the Professions. London: Jossey-Bass.
Wallas, G. (1926). The Art of Thought. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Weisberg, R.W. (1999). Creativity and knowledge: A Challenge to Theories. Sternberg, R.J., Editor, Handbook of creativity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp.226.
Westfall, C. (2012). Email response to author on the subject education of architecture. 27 march, 2013.
Wood, N. (2006). Transmitting Craft knowledge: Designing Interactive Media to Support tacit Skills Learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. Retrieved December 1, 2006, from http://www.nicolawood.net.
