چالش‌های محیط زیستی پسماندها در حقوق بین الملل
الموضوعات :زینب پورخاقان شاهرضایی 1 , زهراسادات حسینی 2
1 - گروه حقوق بین الملل، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اصفهان، ایران
2 - گروه حقوق، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی, حقوق محیط‌زیست, حقوق بین الملل, پسماند.,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه، خطرهای محیط‌زیستی ناشی از سوء مدیریت پسماندها به عنوان یکی از مشکلات اساسی در کشورهای جهان محسوب می‌شود. با رشد روز افزون تکنولوژی، مدیریت زباله‌ها و پسماندها، از مباحث مهم در زمینه قوانین بین‌المللی محیط‌زیستی بوده که تنها شامل حفاظت از طبیعت و محیط‌زیست نبوده و باید به عنوان یک مجموعه از هنجارها، نهادها و شیوه‌های طراحی شده برای مدیریت پسماندهای مختلف در ابعاد جهانی محسوب شود. در این مقاله با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی، چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی پسماندها در حقوق بین‌الملل بررسی می‌شود. روش کار این مقاله به صورت کتابخانه‌ای بوده و با بررسی پژوهش‌های انجام شده و همچنین قوانین و مقررات بین‌المللی موجود در زمینه پسماندها انجام شده است. در زمینه نتایج حاصل از پژوهش می‌توان عنوان نمود که آلودگی‌های ناشی از پسماندها یکی از دغدغه‌های اساسی بشر بوده و سندهای بین‌المللی متعددی در ارتباط با چالش‌های محیط‌زیستی ناشی از پسماندها چه در ابعاد داخلی کشورها و چه در ابعاد بین‌المللی به تصویب رسیده که سبب ایجاد مسئولیت‌های محیط‌زیستی برای دولت‌ها می‌گردد. همچنین با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و ایجاد پسماندهای الکترونیکی، چالش‌های جدیدی در زمینه محیط‌زیست و حفاظت از آن برای کشورها ایجاد شده که بازیافت نمودن آن‌ها از عوامل مهم در زمینه مدیریت پسماندها بوده است. می‌توان عنوان نمود که موضوع پسماندها موضوعی داخلی و محدود به قوانین و سیاست‌های هر کشور خاص نبوده و نیازمند همکاری تمامی کشورهاست و پیشنهاد می‌شود که سازمان‌های ذیربط در زمینه ایجاد یک رویه واحد در زمینه مدیریت پسماند با دارا بودن ضمانت اجرای قوی اقدام نمایند.
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