تحلیل نقش هنجارهای فرهنگی، هویت اجتماعی و باورهای جمعی در تبیین رفتار جنایی زنان
سید هادی پژومان
1
(
استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شمال آمل، آمل، ایران
)
الیاس قاسمی همدانی
2
(
کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد حضرت آیت الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: هنجارهای فرهنگی, هویت اجتماعی, باورهای جمعی, رفتار جنایی زنان, روان‌شناسی فرهنگی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل نقش هنجارهای فرهنگی، هویت اجتماعی و باورهای جمعی در تبیین رفتار جنایی زنان بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل تمامی مطالعات و متون در باره رفتار جنایی زنان بود. نمونه پژوهش متون مرتبط با هنجارهای فرهنگی، هویت اجتماعی و باورهای جمعی زنان بود. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی بود. جهت گردآوری اطلاعات از روش کتابخانه‌ای و به صورت فیش‌برداری از منابع مکتوب و مطالعات پیشین مرتبط استفاده شد. سپس داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که سه مؤلفه‌ی هنجارهای فرهنگی، هویت اجتماعی و باورهای جمعی نقش کلیدی در مسیرهای زنان به سمت رفتار جنایی دارند. و زنانی که میان هویت فردی خود و هویت تحمیلی اجتماعی تضاد می‌بینند، ممکن است برای بازتعریف خویش یا مقابله با طرد اجتماعی به گروه‌های حاشیه‌ای یا رفتارهای جنایی روی آورند. باورهای جمعی نیز که از دل فرهنگ عمومی، رسانه‌ها و نهادهای اجتماعی بازتولید می‌شوند، نقش تقویت‌کننده یا بازدارنده دارند. باورهایی که زنان را ضعیف، وابسته و تابع می‌دانند، عزت‌نفس آنان را کاهش داده و فشارهای روانی و اجتماعی را تشدید می‌کنند، در حالی‌که باورها می‌توانند زمینه‌ای برای کاهش جرم‌خیزی، ایجاد هویت اجتماعی مثبت را فراهم آورند. در نهایت، این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که جرم‌خیزی زنان پدیده‌ای چندبعدی است و درک دقیق‌تر این پدیده نیازمند توجه هم‌زمان به ابعاد اجتماعی، فرهنگی، روان‌شناختی و ساختاری دارد وتنها با رویکردی جامع و میان‌رشته‌ای می‌توان راهکارهای مؤثری برای پیشگیری، کاهش جرم زنان و ارتقای عدالت اجتماعی ارائه داد.
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