Translators' Voice in Two Translations of The Waves by Virginia Woolf

الموضوعات :

Fatemeh Badiozaman ¹ , Alireza Vahedi kakhki ² , Ebrahim Samani ³ , Abdolhossein Heidari ⁴

1 - Translation Studies Dept., Faculty of Language and Literature, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Translation Studies Dept., Faculty of Language and Literature, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
3 - Department of English language Teaching, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of English language Teaching, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

تاريخ الإرسال : 23 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1446 تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الإثنين , شعبان, 1446 تاريخ الإصدار : 22 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1447

الکلمات المفتاحية: Voice, Visibility, Style, Paratext, Literature, Translation,

ملخص المقالة :

Every novel contains multiple characters, each of whom has their own personality; nonetheless, behind all characters, there are authors who are expressing themselves through their stories, generating the authors' discursive presence (aka their voice). When a text goes through the translation process, the translator's voice is automatically attached to it. Translators may choose to be invisible, or they may choose to highlight their own presence. In order to examine what becomes of the authors' and translators' voices in the process of translation, this article picked Virginia Woolf's famous novel The Waves as a case study, and two of its Persian translations. The results revealed that Woolf's presence, traces of her personality traits, and thought processes were strongly evident in her writing style, the characters’ speech patterns, along their interests and obsessions. Furthermore, the two translators exercised visibility to different degrees compared to each other; they subtly showed their presence through elements like style, prologue, and footnotes. However, ultimately, neither translator was (in Venuti's terms) too visible since they had tried to remain loyal to Woolf's expressive literary style instead.

المصادر:

Alvstad, C. (2013). Voices in translation. Handbook of translation studies, 4, 207-210.
Alvstad, Cecilia, Annjo K. Greenall, Hanne Jansen, and Kristiina Taivalkoski-Shilov (eds). (2017). Textual and Contextual Voices of Translation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Anderman, G. (2007). Voices in Translation: Bridging Cultural Divides. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Baker, M. (2000). Towards a methodology for investigating the style of a literary translator. Target: International Journal of Translation Studies, 12(2), 241-266.
Barotova, M. B. (2020). The problems of recreating writer's style in translation. International Scientific Journal: Theoretical and Applied Science, 82(02), 189-192.
Bosseaux, C. I. A. (2004). Translation and narration: A corpus-based study of French translations of two novels by Virginia Woolf (Doctoral dissertation). London: University of London.
Britannica, T. (2020). Editors of encyclopedia. Argon: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Cherry, R. D. (1988). Ethos versus persona: Self-representation in written discourse. Written Communication, 5(3), 251-276.
Deldzendehrooy, S. (2014). یک داستان: چند مترجم: چند راوی [One story: Several translators: Several narrators]. Children's Literature Studies, 5(1), 27-48.
Elbow, P. (1994). What do we mean when we talk about voice in texts? In K. B. Yancey (Ed.), Voices on voice: Perspectives, dejinirions, inquiry. (pp. 1-35). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
Farrell, J. (2007). The Style of Translation: Dialogue with the author. In G. Anderman (Ed.), Voices in Translation: Bridging Cultural Divides (pp. 56-65). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Folkart, B. (1996). Polylogie et registres de traduction: Le cas d’Ulysses. Palimpsestes. Revue de traduction, (10), 125-140.
Graham, J. W. (1970). Point of view in The Waves: Some services of the Style. University of Toronto Quarterly, 39(3), 193-211.
Hatim, B., & Munday, J. (2007). Translation: An advanced resource book for students. London: Routledge.
Hermans, T. (1996). The translator's voice in translated narrative. Target. International Journal of Translation Studies, 8(1), 23-48.
Kumar, S. (2015). Narrative technique in the waves. ENLIGHTENED VOICE, 119.
Lanser, S. S. (1992). Fictions of authority: Women writers and narrative voice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Leech, G. N., & Short, M. (1981). Style in fiction: A linguistic introduction to English fictional prose. London: Longman.
Lunenburg, F. C., & Irby, B. J. (2008). Writing a successful thesis or dissertation: Tips and strategies for students in the social and behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin press.
Matsuda, P. K. (2001). Voice in Japanese written discourse: Implications for second language writing. Journal of Second language writing, 10(1-2), 35-53.
Monologue vs. Soliloquy. (n.d.). Grammar.com. Retrieved July 13, 2023, from https://www.grammar.com/monol ogue_vs._soliloquy.
Munday, J. (2008). Discursive Presence, Voice, and Style in Translation. In J. Munday, Style and ideology in translation: Latin american writing in English (pp. 11-41). London: Routledge.
Ngai, C. S. (2020). The voice of the translator: A case study of the English translations of the Peony Pavilion. In A. Şerban & K. K. Y. Chan (Eds.), Opera in translation: Unity and diversity (pp. 159-173). Amesterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Peden, M. S. (1987). Telling others' tales. Translation Review, 24(1), 9-12.
Phelan, J., Rabinowitz, P. J., & Warhol, R. (2012). Theory and interpretation of narrative: Ohio State University Press.
Riordan, R. (2010-2014). Heroes of Olympus (pentalogy). Penguin UK.
Saldanha, G. (2005). Style of Translation: An exploration of stylistic patterns in the translations of Margaret Jull Costa and Peter Bush (Doctoral dissertation), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Soliloquy. (2023). In Oxford learner's dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/soliloquy?q=soliloquy
Spivak, G. (1992) ‘The Politics of Translation’, in M. Barrett and A. Phillips (eds) Contemporary Feminist Analysis: Destabilizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates, 177–200. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Study guide to the Waves (n.d.). Available at https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/literature/the-waves
Taivalkoski-Shilov, K. (2019). Ethical issues regarding machine (-assisted) translation of literary texts. Perspectives, 27(5), 689-703.
Valdeón, R. A. (2017). The voices of Cieza de León in English: Notes on el nefando pecado de la sodomía in translation and in US academia. In C. Alvstad, A. K. Greenall, H. Jansen, K. Taivalkoski-Shilov (Eds). Textual contextual voices of translation (pp. 223-240). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Venuti, L. (2012). The translator’s invisibility (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Woolf, V. (1977). The waves (P. Daryush, Trans.). Tehran: Sepehr publication.
Woolf, V. (1931). The waves. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
Woolf, V. (2008). The waves. (M. Ghebrayi, Trans.). Tehran: Teyf Negar.