A Comparison of High-Strength Structural Bolts: European ISO 14399 vs. American ASTM A325 & ASTM A490 Standards
الموضوعات :
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Ahlul Bayt International University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: ISO 14399, ASTM A325, ASTM A490, Structural Bolts,
ملخص المقالة :
High-strength structural bolts are crucial for ensuring the safety of steel structures. However, different regions have their own standards for these bolts. This paper aims to compare the European ISO 14399 standard with the American ASTM A325 and ASTM A490 standards for high-strength structural bolts. The study examines various aspects such as material composition, mechanical properties, geometric specifications, testing requirements, and application suitability. ISO 14399 bolts are available in grades 8.8 and 10.9 and are commonly used in Europe and other areas that follow metric standards. On the other hand, ASTM A325 and A490 bolts are more prevalent in North America and are classified based on their carbon and alloy steel composition. It should be noted that A490 bolts are stronger than A325 bolts, with key differences in terms of tensile strength, yield strength, hardness requirements, preload specifications, and thread types. Furthermore, there are variations in testing protocols, with ISO requiring impact tests and CE marking, while ASTM emphasizes proof load and wedge tests. The findings of this study highlight that while both standards ensure structural reliability, engineers must take into account regional specifications, load requirements, and environmental conditions when selecting bolts. This research serves as a comprehensive reference for construction professionals working with international bolt standards, aiding in informed decision-making during structural design and implementation.
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