علف‌های هرز، تهدیدی جدی برای بهره‌وری گیاهان دارویی: بررسی اثرات کمی و کیفی

الموضوعات :

مهدی مین باشی ¹ , نوشین نظام آبادی ² , معصومه یونس آبادی ³ , عبدالعزیز حقیقی ⁴ , لیلا حبیبیان ⁵ , طاهره سلیمانی ⁶ , علیرضا صفاهانی ⁷

1 -
2 - موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی
3 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
4 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
5 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
6 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه زابل
7 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 19 الأحد , رجب, 1446 تاريخ التأكيد : 05 الأربعاء , رمضان, 1446 تاريخ الإصدار : 21 الجمعة , رمضان, 1446

الکلمات المفتاحية: رقابت, عملکرد, اسانس, مدیریت علف هرز, دوره بحرانی کنترل علف های هرز, تلفات نسبی.,

ملخص المقالة :

رقابت علف‌های هرز اثرات منفی مهمی بر عملکرد و کیفیت گیاهان دارویی دارد. میزان این اثرات به نوع گیاه دارویی، بخش برداشت‌شده، شرایط محیطی و شدت آلودگی بستگی دارد. برخلاف سایر گیاهان زراعی، گیاهان دارویی برای تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه خاص کشت می‌شوند که کیفیت و ارزش دارویی آنها را تعیین می‌کند. رشد علف‌های هرز می‌تواند ترکیبات فعال داروهای گیاهی را کاهش داده و مسیرهای متابولیک آنها را تغییر دهد، که این امر موجب کاهش کیفیت و ایجاد نوسانات غیرقابل پیش‌بینی در ترکیب شیمیایی محصول می‌شود. شدت رقابت علف‌های هرز بسته به زمان و مدت حضور آن‌ها متفاوت است. آلودگی زودهنگام معمولاً آسیب بیشتری دارد، زیرا علف‌های هرز سریع‌تر از گیاهان دارویی رشد می‌کنند. در برخی موارد، گیاهان زراعی باید تا ۶۰ درصد از چرخه زندگی خود کاملاً عاری از علف‌های هرز باشند تا آسیب کاهش یابد. روش‌های مختلفی برای کنترل علف‌های هرز استفاده می‌شود که می‌توانند تأثیرات متفاوتی بر تولید گیاهان دارویی داشته باشند. استفاده از علف‌کش‌ها نتایج متناقضی نشان داده و گاهی باعث تداخل در تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه شده است. در مقابل، روش‌های غیرشیمیایی مانند وجین دستی، تیمارهای مکانیکی، مالچ پاشی، آتش زدن و حتی چرای دام‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. با افزایش تمایل به کشاورزی ارگانیک، نیاز به تحقیق بیشتر درباره تأثیر علف‌های هرز بر مسیرهای متابولیک و راهکارهای مدیریت آن‌ها در محیط‌های مختلف وجود دارد.

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