مطالعه تاثیر انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و انتشار کربن بر مخارج سلامت در ایران
محمدرضا عارفیان
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، m.arefian@modares.ac.ir
)
عباس عصاری
2
(
دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، (نویسنده مسئول)، assari_a@modares.ac.ir
)
لطفعلی عاقلی
3
(
دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، aghelik@modares.ac.ir
)
علی عسگری
4
(
استاد، گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه یورک، تورنتو، کانادا، asgary@yorku.ca
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: آلودگی زیست‌محیطی, بارتکفل, شهرنشینی, مصرف انرژی ,
ملخص المقالة :
سلامت به عنوان ارزشمندترین دارایی انسان، اغلب قابل قیمت‌گذاری نیست. در دهه‌های اخیر، افزایش مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی و پیامدهای مرتبط با آن از جمله انتشار کربن و آلودگی زیست‌محیطی، منجر به تشدید بیماری‌ها، معضلات نظام سلامت و حتی افزایش مرگ‌ومیر در بسیاری از کشورها شده است. علاوه بر این، گسترش شهرنشینی و تغییرات جمعیتی، به‌عنوان چالش‌های نوظهور در حوزه سلامت محسوب می‌شوند. این پژوهش با استفاده از داده‌های سری‌زمانی و مدل خودرگرسیون‌برداری با وقفه‌های توزیعی (ARDL)، تأثیر عوامل زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی، شامل انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، انتشار کربن، رشد جمعیت شهری و بار تکفل را بر مخارج سلامت در ایران طی سال‌های 1990 تا 2019 بررسی کرده است. شاخص‌های مورد مطالعه شامل مخارج سلامت دولتی، مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر به‌عنوان درصدی از کل مصرف انرژی، رشد سالانه جمعیت شهری و بار تکفل به‌عنوان درصدی از جمعیت فعال است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که افزایش انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن، رشد جمعیت شهری و بار تکفل، با افزایش مخارج سلامت همراه است. در مقابل، مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر با کاهش انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن، تأثیر منفی و معنادار بر مخارج سلامت دارد. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، افزایش مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، بهبود سلامت جامعه و کاهش هزینه‌های مرتبط با آن را درپی دارد. یافته‌های پژوهش اهمیت توسعه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر در ارتقاء کیفیت محیط‌زیست و کاهش بار مالی نظام سلامت را تایید می‌کند. پیشنهاد می‌شود دولت با تنوع‌بخشی به منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر، جایگزینی سوخت‌های فسیلی و تمرکز بر رشد سبز، زمینه بهبود محیط‌زیست و ارتقاء سلامت جامعه را فراهم کند.
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