Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Yeast Culture: Effect on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, and Blood Metabolites in Ghanduzi Male Lambs
الموضوعات :
1 - Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Torbat-e Jam, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: feed additives, nanominerals, paraprobiotics, sheep farming,
ملخص المقالة :
The worldwide prohibition of antibiotics has heightened interest in alternative feed additives, like parapro-biotics and nanominerals, to improve livestock performance. This study investigates the effects of zinc ox-ide nanoparticles (ZnO-Nps) and yeast culture (YC) on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and blood metabolites in Ghanduzi male lambs. Sixteen Ghanduzi male lambs, with an average body weight of 32 ± 4.2 kg, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a control diet without supplements; a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg ZnO-Nps; a diet containing 5 g/kg YC; and a diet combining both ZnO-Nps and YC. The trial lasted 28 days, during which daily dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility, and growth performance metrics were recorded. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Lambs fed with the diet combining ZnO-Nps and YC showed the highest daily dry matter intake (DMI). This diet significantly enhanced the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and organic matter (OM) compared to other groups (P<0.001). The final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were also significantly higher in the ZnO-Nps + YC group (43.42 kg and 0.417 kg/day, respectively) compared to the control and YC groups (P<0.001). Blood metabolites showed no significant differences among treatment groups, although trends indicated improved nitrogen utilization in the supplemented groups. Combining ZnO-Nps and yeast culture substantially enhances growth perform-ance and nutrient digestibility in Ghanduzi male lambs without adversely affecting blood metabolites. These results advocate for the utilization of ZnO-Nps and YC as potent alternatives to conventional growth promoters in sheep farming.
المصادر:
Abd El Rahim S.A., Arafa M.M., Abdel Hamid H.Y. and Mo-hamed A.E.A. (2023). Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and body weight in Barki fatten-ing lambs. SVU- Int. J. Vet. Sci. 6(2), 88-103.
Abou Elenin E.I.M., Abd El-Galil E.R., Etman K.E.I. and El-Shabrawy H.M. (2016). Improvement of rumen fermentation and performance of growing lambs by adding natural micro-bial resources. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 10, 202-212.
Adegbeye M.J., Elghandour M.M.M.Y., Barbabosa-Pliego A., Monroy J.C., Mellado M., Ravi K.R.P. and Salem A.Z.M. (2019). Nanoparticles in equine nutrition: Mechanism of ac-tion and application as feed additives. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 78, 29-37.
Alimohamady R., Aliarabi H., Bruckmaier R.M. and Christensen R.G. (2019). Effect of different sources of supplemental zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant enzyme activities in lambs. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 189, 75-84.
AlZahal O., Dionissopoulos L., Laarman A., Walker N. and McBride B. (2014). Active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae can alleviate the effect of subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 7751-7763.
Anil T.S.V., Venkata Seshaiah C., Ashalatha P. and Sudhakar K. (2019). Effect of dietary supplementation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on growth performance in crossbred calves. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 8(12), 1852-1856.
Ankom Technology. (2006). Neutral Detergent Fiber in Feeds-filter Bag Technique. Available at: https://www.ankom.com/sites/default/files/document-files/Method_6_NDF_A200.pdf
AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. Associa-tion of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Bauer E., Williams B.A., Smidt H., Verstegen M.W. and Mosenthin R. (2006). Influence of the gastrointestinal micro-biota on development of the immune system in young animals. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiology. 7, 35-52.
Bäumler A., Tsolis R. and Heffron F. (1997). Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Belewu A. and Adewumi D. (2021). Effect of green synthesized nano zinc oxide on performance characteristics and hemato-biochemical profile of West African Dwarf goats. Anim. Res. Int. 18(1), 3938-3946.
Burdick N.C., Randel R.D., Carroll J.A. and Welsh T.H. (2011). Interactions between temperament, stress, and immune func-tion in cattle. Int. J. Zool. 2011, 1-10.
Callaway E.S. and Martin S.A. (1997). Effects of a Saccharomy-ces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 2035-2044.
Chen J., Wei W. and ZhiSheng W. (2011). Effect of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro. Chin. J. Anim. Nutr. 23, 1415-1421.
Czarnecki-Maulden G. (2008). Effect of dietary modulation of intestinal microbiota on reproduction and early growth. Theriogenology. 70, 286-290.
Dann H., Drackley J., McCoy G., Hutjens M. and Garrett J. (2000). Effects of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on prepartum intake and postpartum intake and milk production of Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 123-127.
Dias J.D.L., Silva R.B., Fernandes T., Barbosa E.F., Graças L.E.C., Araujo R.C., Pereira R.A.N. and Pereira M.N. (2018). Yeast culture increased plasma niacin concentration, evapora-tive heat loss, and feed efficiency of dairy cows in a hot envi-ronment. J. Dairy Sci. 101, 5924-5936.
Ding J., Zhou Z.M., Ren L.P. and Meng Q.X. (2008). Effect of monensin and live yeast supplementation on growth perform-ance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs fed steam-flaked corn-based diets. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 21, 547-554.
Direkvandi E., Mohammadabadi T. and Salem A.Z.M. (2020). Oral administration of lactate producing bacteria alone or combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Megasphaera elsdenii on performance of fattening lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 48, 235-243.
El-Kholy M.S., El-Hindawy M.M., Alagawany M., Abd El-Hack M.E. and ElSayed S.A.A. (2017). Dietary supplementation of chromium can alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress on performance, carcass yield, and some blood hematology and chemistry indices of growing Japanese quail. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 179(1), 148-157.
Fesseha H., Degu T. and Getachew Y. (2020). Nanotechnology and its application in animal production: A review. Vet. Med. Open J. 52, 43-50.
Garcia G.R., Dogi C.A. and Poloni V.L. (2019). Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: In vivo and ex vivo analysis. Benef. Microbes. 10, 33-42.
Garg A.K., Mudgal V. and Dass R.S. (2008). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and min-eral profile in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 144, 82-96.
Geetha K., Chellapandian M., Arulnathan N. and Ramanathan A. (2020). Nano zinc oxide - An alternate zinc supplement for livestock. Vet. World. 13(1), 121-126.
Haddad S.G. and Goussous S.N. (2005). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118, 343-348.
Harris B.J. Jr. and Webb D. (1990). The effect of feeding a con-centrated yeast culture product to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1-10.
He Y., Yuan Q., Mathieu J., Stadler L., Senehi N., Sun R. and Alvarez P.J. (2020). Antibiotic resistance genes from livestock waste: Occurrence, dissemination, and treatment. Npj Clean Water. 3, 4-11.
Hussein M.A., Ismail Z.S.H. and Abdel Wareth A.A.A. (2020). Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on productive per-formance in rabbit nutrition: A Review. SVU- Int. J. Vet. Sci. 2(2), 278-290.
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Jiang Y., Ogunade I.M., Arriola K.G., Qi M., Vyas D., Staples C.R. and Adesogan A.T. (2017). Effects of the dose and vi-ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. Ruminal fermentation, performance of lactating dairy cows, and correlations between ruminal bacteria abundance and performance measures. J. Dairy Sci. 100, 8102-8118.
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Kurtz D.M. and Travlos G.S. (2017). The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Lei C.L., Dong G.Z., Jin L., Zhang S. and Zhou J. (2013). Effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite and yeast cell wall on lipopolysaccharide adsorption, nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle. Livest. Sci. 158, 57-63.
Liu Y.Z., Lang M., Zhen Y.G., Chen X., Sun Z., Zhao W., Zhang X.F., Wang T. and Qin G.X. (2019). Effects of yeast culture supplementation and the ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat on growth performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 103, 1274-1282.
Mahmoud M.M., Youssef I.M.I., Abd El-Tawab M.M., Bakr H.A., Eissa N.A. and Hassan M.S. (2020). Influence of probi-otic and yeast culture supplementation on selected biochemi-cal and immunological parameters of growing lambs. Polish J. Vet. Sci. 23(1), 5-12.
Malekkhahi M., Tahmasbi A.M., Naserian A.A., Danesh Mesga-ran M., Kleen J.L. and Parand A.A. (2015). Effects of essen-tial oils, yeast culture and malate on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and nutrient digestibil-ity of baluchi lambs fed high-concentrate diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 99, 221-229.
Mitchell L.K. and Heinrichs A.J. (2020). Feeding various forages and live yeast culture on weaned dairy calf intake, growth, nu-trient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 103, 8880-8897.
Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Abd-El-Ghany F., Mahgoup A. and Ibrahim K. (2015). Influence of some trace minerals in form of nanoparticles as feed additives on lamb's performance. J. Anim. Poult. Prod. 6, 693-703.
Mohamed A.H., Mohamed M.Y., Ibrahim K., Abd-El-Ghany F.T.F. and Mahgoup A.A.S. (2017). Impact of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on productive performance and some bio-chemical parameters of ewes and offspring. Egyptian J. Sheep Goat Sci. 12, 49-64.
Mullins C., Mamedova L., Carpenter A., Ying Y., Allen M., Yoon I. and Bradford B. (2013). Analysis of rumen microbial popu-lations in lactating dairy cattle fed diets varying in carbohy-drate profiles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 5872-5881.
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Adegbeye M.J., Elghandour M.M.M.Y., Barbabosa-Pliego A., Monroy J.C., Mellado M., Ravi K.R.P. and Salem A.Z.M. (2019). Nanoparticles in equine nutrition: Mechanism of ac-tion and application as feed additives. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 78, 29-37.
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AlZahal O., Dionissopoulos L., Laarman A., Walker N. and McBride B. (2014). Active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae can alleviate the effect of subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 7751-7763.
Anil T.S.V., Venkata Seshaiah C., Ashalatha P. and Sudhakar K. (2019). Effect of dietary supplementation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on growth performance in crossbred calves. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 8(12), 1852-1856.
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AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Ed. Associa-tion of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Bauer E., Williams B.A., Smidt H., Verstegen M.W. and Mosenthin R. (2006). Influence of the gastrointestinal micro-biota on development of the immune system in young animals. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiology. 7, 35-52.
Bäumler A., Tsolis R. and Heffron F. (1997). Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Belewu A. and Adewumi D. (2021). Effect of green synthesized nano zinc oxide on performance characteristics and hemato-biochemical profile of West African Dwarf goats. Anim. Res. Int. 18(1), 3938-3946.
Burdick N.C., Randel R.D., Carroll J.A. and Welsh T.H. (2011). Interactions between temperament, stress, and immune func-tion in cattle. Int. J. Zool. 2011, 1-10.
Callaway E.S. and Martin S.A. (1997). Effects of a Saccharomy-ces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 2035-2044.
Chen J., Wei W. and ZhiSheng W. (2011). Effect of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro. Chin. J. Anim. Nutr. 23, 1415-1421.
Czarnecki-Maulden G. (2008). Effect of dietary modulation of intestinal microbiota on reproduction and early growth. Theriogenology. 70, 286-290.
Dann H., Drackley J., McCoy G., Hutjens M. and Garrett J. (2000). Effects of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on prepartum intake and postpartum intake and milk production of Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 123-127.
Dias J.D.L., Silva R.B., Fernandes T., Barbosa E.F., Graças L.E.C., Araujo R.C., Pereira R.A.N. and Pereira M.N. (2018). Yeast culture increased plasma niacin concentration, evapora-tive heat loss, and feed efficiency of dairy cows in a hot envi-ronment. J. Dairy Sci. 101, 5924-5936.
Ding J., Zhou Z.M., Ren L.P. and Meng Q.X. (2008). Effect of monensin and live yeast supplementation on growth perform-ance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs fed steam-flaked corn-based diets. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 21, 547-554.
Direkvandi E., Mohammadabadi T. and Salem A.Z.M. (2020). Oral administration of lactate producing bacteria alone or combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Megasphaera elsdenii on performance of fattening lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 48, 235-243.
El-Kholy M.S., El-Hindawy M.M., Alagawany M., Abd El-Hack M.E. and ElSayed S.A.A. (2017). Dietary supplementation of chromium can alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress on performance, carcass yield, and some blood hematology and chemistry indices of growing Japanese quail. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 179(1), 148-157.
Fesseha H., Degu T. and Getachew Y. (2020). Nanotechnology and its application in animal production: A review. Vet. Med. Open J. 52, 43-50.
Garcia G.R., Dogi C.A. and Poloni V.L. (2019). Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: In vivo and ex vivo analysis. Benef. Microbes. 10, 33-42.
Garg A.K., Mudgal V. and Dass R.S. (2008). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and min-eral profile in lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 144, 82-96.
Geetha K., Chellapandian M., Arulnathan N. and Ramanathan A. (2020). Nano zinc oxide - An alternate zinc supplement for livestock. Vet. World. 13(1), 121-126.
Haddad S.G. and Goussous S.N. (2005). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118, 343-348.
Harris B.J. Jr. and Webb D. (1990). The effect of feeding a con-centrated yeast culture product to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1-10.
He Y., Yuan Q., Mathieu J., Stadler L., Senehi N., Sun R. and Alvarez P.J. (2020). Antibiotic resistance genes from livestock waste: Occurrence, dissemination, and treatment. Npj Clean Water. 3, 4-11.
Hussein M.A., Ismail Z.S.H. and Abdel Wareth A.A.A. (2020). Application of zinc oxide nanoparticles on productive per-formance in rabbit nutrition: A Review. SVU- Int. J. Vet. Sci. 2(2), 278-290.
Iranian Council of Animal Care. (1995). Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals. Isfahan University of Technol-ogy, Isfahan, Iran.
Jiang Y., Ogunade I.M., Arriola K.G., Qi M., Vyas D., Staples C.R. and Adesogan A.T. (2017). Effects of the dose and vi-ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. Ruminal fermentation, performance of lactating dairy cows, and correlations between ruminal bacteria abundance and performance measures. J. Dairy Sci. 100, 8102-8118.
Kim J., Hyun Y., Sohn K., Kim T., Woo H. and Han I. (2000). Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide and protein levels on growth performance and immune status in pigs weaned at 21 days of age. Korean J. Anim. Sci. 42, 489-498.
Kurtz D.M. and Travlos G.S. (2017). The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Lei C.L., Dong G.Z., Jin L., Zhang S. and Zhou J. (2013). Effects of dietary supplementation of montmorillonite and yeast cell wall on lipopolysaccharide adsorption, nutrient digestibility and growth performance in beef cattle. Livest. Sci. 158, 57-63.
Liu Y.Z., Lang M., Zhen Y.G., Chen X., Sun Z., Zhao W., Zhang X.F., Wang T. and Qin G.X. (2019). Effects of yeast culture supplementation and the ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat on growth performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 103, 1274-1282.
Mahmoud M.M., Youssef I.M.I., Abd El-Tawab M.M., Bakr H.A., Eissa N.A. and Hassan M.S. (2020). Influence of probi-otic and yeast culture supplementation on selected biochemi-cal and immunological parameters of growing lambs. Polish J. Vet. Sci. 23(1), 5-12.
Malekkhahi M., Tahmasbi A.M., Naserian A.A., Danesh Mesga-ran M., Kleen J.L. and Parand A.A. (2015). Effects of essen-tial oils, yeast culture and malate on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance and nutrient digestibil-ity of baluchi lambs fed high-concentrate diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 99, 221-229.
Mitchell L.K. and Heinrichs A.J. (2020). Feeding various forages and live yeast culture on weaned dairy calf intake, growth, nu-trient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 103, 8880-8897.
Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Abd-El-Ghany F., Mahgoup A. and Ibrahim K. (2015). Influence of some trace minerals in form of nanoparticles as feed additives on lamb's performance. J. Anim. Poult. Prod. 6, 693-703.
Mohamed A.H., Mohamed M.Y., Ibrahim K., Abd-El-Ghany F.T.F. and Mahgoup A.A.S. (2017). Impact of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on productive performance and some bio-chemical parameters of ewes and offspring. Egyptian J. Sheep Goat Sci. 12, 49-64.
Mullins C., Mamedova L., Carpenter A., Ying Y., Allen M., Yoon I. and Bradford B. (2013). Analysis of rumen microbial popu-lations in lactating dairy cattle fed diets varying in carbohy-drate profiles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 5872-5881.
Murthy N. (2013). Investigation of Biochemical and Histopa-thological Modifications Induced by Selenium Toxicity on Albino Mice. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Saar-brucken, Germany.
Nawab A., Liu W., Li G., Ibtisham F., Fox D., Zhao Y., Wo J., Xiao M., Nawab Y. and An L. (2019). The potential role of probiotics (nutraceuticals) in gut health of domestic animals; an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc. 69, 1169-1188.
Novoselec J., Šperanda M., Klir Ž., MiocˇB., Steiner Z. and An-tunović Z. (2017). Blood biochemical indicators and concen-tration of thyroid hormones in heavily pregnant and lactating ewes depending on selenium supplementation. Acta Vet. Brno. 86, 353-363.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Pieper R., Vahjen W., Neumann K., Van Kessel A.G. and Zentek J. (2012). Dose-dependent effects of dietary zinc oxide on bac-terial communities and metabolic profiles in the ileum of weaned pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Nutr. 96, 825-833.
Plaza-Díaz J., Ruiz-Ojeda F.J., Gil-Campos M. and Gil A. (2019). Mechanism of action of probiotics. Adv. Nutr. 10, 49-66.
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