نقش مدیریت سبز در کاهش استفاده از پلاستیک: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
الموضوعات : کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیستنازنین خاکی پور 1 , شیوا دهقان آبکنار 2
1 - گروه علوم خاک، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران
2 - Department of Chemistry, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: پلاستیک, میکروپلاستیک, تخریب غیر زیستی, تخریب زیستی, انباشت.,
ملخص المقالة :
انباشت زباله های پلاستیکی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین چالشهای زیست محیطی شناخته شده است. تخمین زده میشود تا سال 2015 تقریباً 6300 میلیون تن زباله پلاستیکی تولید شده است که 79 درصد آن در محلهای دفن زباله یا محیط طبیعی انباشته شده است. اقیانوسها بحرانیترین مناطق از لحاظ آلودگی تجمع پلاستیکها به شمار میروند، زیرا میتوانند پلاستیکها را به مناطق دور منتقل کنند. یافتن راه حلهای جایگزین سازگار با محیط زیست، مانند تجزیه زیستی به جای دفع سنتی، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. تخریب غیرزیستی پلاستیک به طور طبیعی مانند تخریب مکانیکی ناشی از نیروهای جزر و مد، امواج و سایش توسط سنگها اتفاق میافتد. به طور طبیعی، اکسیداسیون در اثر نور، فرآیند هیدرولیز و تخریب مکانیکی میتواند به راحتی منجر به تشکیل قطعات میکرو و نانوپلاستیک شود. هیدرولیز پلاستیک یکی از مراحل اصلی در تخریب غیر زیستی است. در تخریب زیستی، باکتریهای خاک در پاکسازی زیستی آلایندهها کارآمد هستند زیرا با شرایط محیطی متغیر مانند دما، رطوبت، pH و غیره مواجه می شوند. بررسی رفتار فرسایش پلیمرها، مخلوط‌ها، کامپوزیت‌ها و غیره در شرایط مختلف محیطی یک موضوع اولویت‌دار برای ارزیابی کاربردهای احتمالی و تعیین طول عمر آنهاست.
المصادر:
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