رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی مغز و اضطراب نوجوانان 13 تا 16 سال: مقایسه ورزشکاران و غیرورزشکاران
الموضوعات :
مهتاب سیفی طرقی
1
,
زهره مشکاتی
2
1 - دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
2 - دانشیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده‌ی تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد اجرایی, اضطراب حالت و صفت, نوجوان, ورزشکار,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه و هدف: ورزش و فعالیت بدنی می‌تواند باعث کاهش اضطراب نوجوانان گردد، همچنین بین ورزش و بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی مغز رابطه وجود دارد؛ لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی و اضطراب در نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار 13 تا 16 سال شهر اصفهان است.
روش شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی همبستگی بود. جامعه‌ی آماری شامل نوجوانان پسر 13 تا 16 سال شهر اصفهان در سال 1401 بود. نمونه آماری 200 نفر (100 ورزشکار و 100 غیرورزشکار) به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه اضطراب حالت – صفت اسپیلبرگر و آزمون N-Back بود. دادهها توسط آزمون همبستگی و z فیشر با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS 23 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: نتایج گروه ورزشکاران نشان داد که اضطراب صفت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط و میانگین سرعت واکنش در پاسخ‌های صحیح در آزمون ان-بک رابطه معنیداری داشت (P<0/05). همچنین رابطه بین اضطراب حالت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط معنیدار به دست آمد (P<0/05). نتایج گروه غیرورزشکاران نشان داد رابطه بین اضطراب صفت و حالت با تعداد پاسخ‌های غلط و با میانگین سرعت واکنش در آزمون ان-بک معنیدار بود (P<0/05). رابطه بین اضطراب و کارکردهای اجرایی در دو گروه نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار معنیدار نبود (P>0/05).
بحث و نتیجهگیری: با توجه به وجود رابطه در برخی از مؤلفههای کارکردهای اجرایی با اضطراب نوجوانان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار، این نتایج می‌تواند مدنظر روانشناسان، مربیان ورزشی و خانوادهها قرار گیرد.
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