Evaluating The Effect of Social Housing Design Sub-Components on Users' Place Attachment (Case Study: Shiraz)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh
1
(
Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
)
حامد مضطرزاده
2
(
استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیراز
)
Mohammad Parva
3
(
Department of Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
)
وحیده حجتی
4
(
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Environmental Psychology and Social Housing design, Place Attachment, Residential Complex Design, Sociology and Architecture, Place Dependence.,
ملخص المقالة :
Considering the important role of environmental psychology in the design of space, especially in human living spaces, the current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the most influential sub-components of social housing design in relation to the place of their users and providing design solutions that suit them. Place attachment creates emotional bonds between people and their living spaces, and affects the sense of belonging and desire to be present in the users and causes more productivity of the spaces. The research method used was descriptive-analytical with the method of collecting information in the form of library and survey studies with the help of relevant scientific texts as well as researcher-made questionnaires. After collecting the texts related to the topic and categorizing the components related to the topic, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and its validity was determined by Delphi method by experts and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha Questionnaires were answered according to Cochran's formula by 387 users of social housing complexes in Shiraz who were randomly selected. It should be mentioned that the investigated residential complexes were identified with the help of Expert Choice 11 software based on the AHP model. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by Excel, SPSS and SMARTPLS software with the help of Anova, Bootstrapping and multiple regression tests. The findings indicated that the perceptual, semantic-cognitive component had the greatest impact on users' place attachment, and all its tested sub-components had a significant impact on users' place attachment, and the physical-environmental component ranked second in terms of significant impact on place attachment of users has played a role.
1) Azadi, M., Taghi Poor, M., & Nasibi, S. (2017)’ Analysis of Attachment to Place Among Children (Case Study: Shiraz Ghasredasht Neighborhood). Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU), 8(1), 165-179. doi: 10.30475/isau.2018.62055. (In Persian)
2) Ahmadi, H., MehrJou, M. (2020)’ exploring the relationship between place Attachment and Behavioral Loyalty with Vitality and Security in Urban Spaces (Case Study: Shahrdari Square, Rasht City), Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 7 (2), pp. 69-83. (In Persian)
3) Ahmadi, S., Ghalehnoee, M., Zamani, B. (2021)’ Explanation of the Physical Factors Influencing the Formation of Place Attachment Among Newcomers: A Case Study of Elective Urban Spaces of Isfahan, Maremet & Memari-E –Iran, 11 (27), 1-18. http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1136-en.html. (In Persian)
4) Arghiani M, Mirhashemi S M. Evaluation of the components affecting the promotion of attachment to the place in the open spaces of residential complexes. mmi 2022’ 12 (29) : 6
URL: http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1120-fa.html.
5) Athari, K. (2005)’ Housing Poverty in Iran: Poor Social Policy, Refahj, 5(18), 113-128. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1934-fa.html. [In Persian]
6) Amirkafi, M., Fathi, Sh. (2011)’ Factors affecting attachment to the residential area: a case study: Kerman, Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 5 (1), 5-41. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_69592_en.html. [In Persian]
7) Azemati, H.R, Pourbagher, S, Rostami, V. (2017)’ The Place of Fundamental Human Needs in Housing Developments (Case study: Houses in Ardabil city based on history of the city)’, HoNAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, 22 (2), 43-50. [In Persian]
8) Baba Y, Austin DM (1989)’ Neighbourhood environmental satisfaction, victimization, and social participation as determinants of perceived neighbourhood safety, Environment and Behaviour, Vol. 21, pp. 763-780.
9) Brown, B; Perkins, D. D & Brown, G (2003)’ Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: individual and block levels of analysis, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 23, 259–271.
10) Bokharaei, S. (2023)’Airiness and Spaciousness: Semantic Analysis of Size-related Qualities of Housing Interiors. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 11(22), 111-132. doi: 10.22052/jias.2023.248358.1108.
11) Bonaiuto, M; Aiello, A; Perugini, M; Bonnes, M & Ercolani, A.P (1999)’ Multidimensional perception of residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in the urban environment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 19, 331-352.
12) Cole, Laura B.; Coleman, Sylvia & Scannell, Leila (2021)’ Place attachment in green buildings: Making the connections, Journal of Environmental Psychology, (74), 1-10.
13) Daneshpour, S. A., Sepehri Moqaddam, M., & Charkhchian, M. (2009)’ Explanation to “Place Attachment” And investigation of its effective factors. Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 1(38), pp. 37-48. (In Persian)
14) Durand- Lasserve, A & Royston, L (2002)’ Holding Their Ground; Secure Land Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries. London: Earthscan publications.
15) Faridi Foshtomi, A., Salaripour, A. A., & hesam, M. (2021)’ Explaining of factors affecting the tourists' Attachment & loyalty to tourism destinations (Case study: Rasht City). Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning, 25(4), 71-83. doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2021.328339.672665.
16) Fathebaghali A, Ghasemzadeh B, Muhammadi S. Relationships Between Place Attachment and Satisfaction in the Natural and Historical Site of Kandovan Village. JHRE 2016’ 35 (155) :127-142
URL: http://jhre.ir/article-1-820-fa.html. (In Persian)
17) Fried M (1963)’ Grieving for a lost home, In L. J. Duhl (Eds.), The Urban Condition: People and Policy in the Metropolis, New York, Simon and Schuster.
18) Fornara, F; Lai, A. E; Bonaiuto, M & Pazzaglia, F (2019)’ Residential place attachment as an adaptive strategy for coping with the reduction of spatial abilities in old age. Frontiers in psychology, 10.
19) Ebrahimi Masouleh M, Shaghaghi S, Shahhoseini H, Hamidzadeh Khiavi S. Exploring the Role of Place Attachment in Increasing Residents' Satisfaction for Enhancing the Rural Landscape; Case Study: Masuleh. JHRE 2023’ 42 (182) :3-16
URL: http://jhre.ir/article-1-2307-fa.html.
20) Eidi, H., Abbasi, H., & Almasi, S. (2019)’ Investigating the Mediator Role of Attachment to Place in Relation between Place Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions (Case Study: Sports Spectators of Volleyball Nations League). Communication Management in Sport Media, 6(3), 51-66. doi: 10.30473/jsm.2019.41215.1270. (In Persian)
21) Erkip, F (2010)’ Community and neighborhood relations in Ankara: An urban–suburban contrast, Cities, Vol. 27, 96-102.
22) Fried, M (2000)’ Continuities and discontinuities of place, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 20, 193–205.
23) Ghalenoui, Mahmoud; Zamani, Bahadur and Peymanfar, Sepideh (2016)’ Meta-analysis of place attachment studies, Urban Management, (48), 87-98. (In Persian)
24) Gholami, Z, Jalilisadrabad, S, Amrollahi, R (2023)’ Investigating the impact of using modified cool materials by titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalytic self-cleaning nanoparticles in urban facades on urban microclimate parameters, Case Studies in Construction Materials, (19), pp: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02268.
25) Goodarzi Soroosh, M.M, Qorbani, V. (2015)’ Factors affecting the interest of place in educational open spaces, Urban Management, 14 (39), pp. 99-108. (In Persian)
26) Ghorbani, K. (1995)’ housing making trend in East Azerbaijan from 1946 to 1991, M.S. thesis, Tabriz University, 66-138. https://danesh24.um.ac.ir/article_25139.html?lang=en.
27) Gustafson, P. (2001a) ’ Retirement migration and transnational lifestyles, Agening and Society, 21, 371-394.
28) Habibian, B., Hataminejad, H.(2020). Explaining the effectiveness of urban neighborhoods vitality among place attachment dimensions, Case study: Ahvaz city. 24 (1), pp. 151-182
URL: http://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-28152-fa.html. (In Persian)
29) Hajiparvaneh, A. (2016)’ Identifying the influencing factors on creating a sense of attachment to a place among young people; Case study: design of Babol city youth house (supervisor: Seyed Ali Seydian, consulting professor: Vahid Heydarnetaj)’, thesis for obtaining a master's degree from Mazandaran University. (In Persian)
30) Haqqani, M., Majidi Hatkeloui, S. (2021) ’ An attitude towards the place of walking in the urban space, focusing on the sense of attachment to the place; Case example: Qaran Sari Street, specialized scientific quarterly of urban design studies and urban researches, 4 (3 & 16) 1, 1-14. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2357496. (In Persian)
31) Hashas, MINE. HATUN. (2004) ’ Residents' Attachment to New Urbanist versus Conventional Suburban Developments, Ph.D dissertation in Community and Environmental design, North Carolina State University.
32) Hojat, E., Mozafar, F., Saadati, Seyedeh Porandokht (2017) ’ Investigating Home Effective Attributes in Developing Dwellers' Attachment. {Presenting a Causal Process Model}. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 22(2), 51-62. doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2017.63994. (In Persian)
33) Hashemnezhad, Hashem; Heidari, Ali Akbar & Mohammad Hoseini, Parisa (2013) ’ Sense of Place” and “Place Attachment (A Comparative Study), International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 3 (1), 5-12.
34) Hernández, Bernardo (2021) ’ Place attachment: antecedents and consequences (Antecedentes y consecuencias del apego al lugar), PsyEcology: Bilingual Journal of Environmental Psychology / Revista Bilingüe de Psicología Ambiental, 12 (1), 99-122.
35) Jahangiri, Arman; Pakzad, Jahanshah and Andalib, Alireza (2017) ’ The process of explaining the phenomenology of the dimensions of the spatial attachment concept by the method of extracting self-image meanings, Urban Management, (47), 277-300. (In Persian)
36) Kaffashzade, M., & Sabri, L. (2021) ’ The study of desirability of private semi open spaces from the residents’ point of view (case study: residential apartments in Sabzevar). Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, 9(13), 195-216. doi: 10.29252/ahdc.2021.15759.1473.
37) Kamalipour, H., Yeganeh, A. J., & Alalhesabi, M. (2012)’ Predictors of Place Attachment in Urban Residential Environments: A Residential Complex Case Study. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 475-469.
38) Kashi H, Mohammadi M, Habibi M. How Users Perceive and Respond to Urban Physical Changes Concerning Place Attachment (Case Studies: Eastern Marzdaran and Daryan No neighborhoods). mmi 2023’ 13 (33)
URL: http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-1185-fa.html.
39) Kendall st. (2004). Flexibility program scheduling, Journal of clinical engineering, 38-39. https://danesh24.um.ac.ir/article_25139.html?lang=en.
40) Kharabati, S, Yazdanfar, S.A. (2017) ’ Effective factors in creating attachment to place in student dormitories (case example: Semnan University Dormitory), Scientific-Research Journal of the Scientific Association of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran, (12), 139-148. https://www.isau.ir/article_62036.html. (In Persian)
41) Khabiri, S., Pourjafar, M. R., & Izadi, M. S. (2021). Place Attachment at the Neighborhood Scale: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Research in Iran. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 14(34), 193-205. doi: 10.22034/aaud.2020.192890.1927.
42) khakpour M, ansari M, sheikhmehdi A, tavoosi M. Socio-cultural Characteristics of the Vernacular Houses. JHRE 2015’ 34 (149) :3-14
URL: http://jhre.ir/article-1-664-fa.html. (In Persian)
43) Khodaei, Zahra; Rafiyan, Mojtaba; Dadashpour, Hashem and Taqwaei, Ali Akbar (2014) ’Investigating the effect of social security on place attachment from the perspective of the adolescent group in Tehran, Social and Cultural Strategy Quarterly, 4 (13), 45-74. (In Persian)
44) Khodaee, Z., Rafiean, M., Dadashpoor, H., Taghvaei, A.A. (2015a) ’ The Effect of Physical Capacities on the Place Attachment from the View of Teenagers in Tehran, Geographical Urban Planning Research, 3 (1), 33-54. https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_54438.html?lang=en. (In Persian)
45) Khodaee, Z., Rafiean, M., Dadashpoor, H., & Taghvaee, A. (2018) ’ Study of Effective Components on Place Attachment in Terms of Tehran City Teenagers. Hoviatshahr, 11(4), 5-17. (In Persian)
46) Kingsley, G.T. & Turner, M.A., eds. (1993) ’ Housing Markets and Residential Mobility. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press.
47) Rajaei, S.A., Zarghamfard, M., Karimi, B. (2016)' Guidelines for social housing principles and examples,' Tehran: Tahan. https://www.gisoom.com/book/11266399/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7/.[In Persian]
48) Kochakiyan, M. (2018)’ Representation the concept of housing in social and economic factors’, Urban Management, 16 (49), 263-286. . (In Persian)
49) Knez, I (2005) ’Attachment and identity as related to a place and its perceived climate, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 25, 207–218.
50) Lee, Kyung & Jeong, Moon-Gi (2021) ’ Residential environmental satisfaction, social capital, and place attachment: the case of Seoul, Korea, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, (36), 559-575.
51) Lewicka, M (2009) ’ what makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 35- 51.
52) Lund, B. (2011) ’ Understanding Housing Policy.2nd Editio. Bristol: The Policy Press.
53) Manzo, L. C., & Devin Wright, P. (2016). attachment to place; Advances in theory, methods, and applications (Translator: Hasan Sajjadzadeh and Behnam Qasimzadeh), Hamedan: Boali Sina University Press. https://www.gisoom.com/book/11336040/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7/.
54) Meshkini, A., Garrosi, A., & Tavakkoli Naghmeh, M. (2017) ’ Spatial Analysis of Qom Urban Areas to Build Social Housing Project with an Emphasis on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of Urban Social Geography, 4(2), 129-149. doi: 10.22103/JUSG.2018.1956; https://jusg.uk.ac.ir/article_2144.html?lang=en. (In Persian)
55) Mojtabavi, S. M., Motalebi, G., & Ghoddusifar, S. H. (2022a) ’ The Effect of the Components of Sensory Richness on Creating a Sense of Place Attachment (A Comparative Study between Traditional Bazaars and Modern Shopping Malls). Manzar, the Scientific Journal of Landscape, 14(61), pp. 60-75. doi: 10.22034/manzar.2022.317860.2167.
56) Mojtabavi, S. M., Motalebi, G., & Ghoddusi Far, S. H. (2022b) ’ An Analysis of Influential Factors in Developing a Sense of Place Attachment (Case Study: Tajrish Bazaar). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 18(105), 33-48. doi: 10.22034/bagh.2021.293542.4931.
57) Mojtabavi, S. M., Namdar Feiz Abadi, M., & Azadiun, H. (2020)’ Investigating the factors influencing the creation and promotion of place attachment in public libraries of Iran... Ferdows Art, 1(2), 82-107. doi: 10.30508/fhja.2020.128064.1008; https://www.fhja.ir/article_46554.html.
58) Monsef, M., Salaripour, A., Azimi, N., Abizadeh, S., & Zali, N. (2021)’ Measuring Place Attachment and the Effect of Place Scale on It in Different Urban Fabrics; Case Study: Rasht City. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 14(35), 299-310. doi: 10.22034/aaud.2020.217274.2098.
59) Moulay, A & Ujang, N (2021) ’ Insight into the issue of underutilised parks: what triggers the process of place attachment?, NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 1-21.
60) Nasar, J. L (1998) ’ The evaluative image of the city, Thousand Oaks, Sage, CA.
- NematiAzar, F., Aslanian, Y., & Torabi, Z. (2023) ’ Analysis of place attachment in high-rise buildings (case study: Aseman residential complex in Tabriz city). Urban Environmental Planning and Development, (), -. doi: 10.30495/juepd.2023.1983394.1174.
61) Nielsen-Pincus, M; Hall, T; Force, J. E & Wulfhorst, J. D (2010) ’ Socio demographic effects on place bonding, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 443-453.
62) Nientied, Peter; Dhamo, Sotir; Papa, Dorina & Toska, Merita (2019) ’ Place Attachment in Seven Areas of Tirana, Albania, Current Urban Studies, (7), 206-227.
63) Oxley, M. (2000). The Future of Social Housing Learning from Europe, Institute for Public Policy Research.
64) Peyvastehgar, Y., & Akbari, Z. (2021) ’Investigating the effect and relationship between attachment to place and spatial identity in indigenous and non-indigenous people in three scales: city, neighborhood and home. Urban Environmental Planning and Development, 1(3), 45-62, https://juep.shiraz.iau.ir/article_686986.html?lang=en.
65) Pourjafar, M.R,. Izadi, M.S,. khabiri, S. (2016) ’ Place Attachment; Conceptualization, Principals and Criteria, Hoviatshahr, 9 (24), pp. 43-54. (In Persian)
66) Pourmohammadi, M.R. (2012)’ Housing Planning’, Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities (Samt) (Editor: Ebrahim Moghimi). (In Persian)
67) Rahimi, R., Ansari, M., Bemanian, M., & Mahdavinejad, M. (2020). Evaluation of the Effect of Physical Components on Place Attachment in Communal Spaces of Selected Residential Complexes in Tehran. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 17(83), 15-30. doi: 10.22034/bagh.2020.185425.4107; https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_105722.html?lang=en. (In Persian)
68) Rahimi L. (2019) ’ The Explanation of the Attachment in Urban Environment based on Islamic Texts and Concepts, 8 (16), 87-108.
URL: http://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-392-fa.html. (In Persian)
69) Rahimi, L., Rafieian, M., & Bagheri, M. (2017) ’Evaluation the Impacts of Spatial Scale on the Residents’ Attachment to Place in Central Neighborhoods (Tabriz City). Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 9(18), 43-58. doi: 10.30480/aup.2017.511. (In Persian)
70) Rahimi (a), L., Rafieian, M., & Bagheri, M. (2017) ’ Explaining the Determinants of “Place Attachment” at the Scales of the Neighborhood and the City and Analyzing its Generalizability, Case Study: Historical Neighborhood of Sorkhab, Tabriz. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 9(17), 225-236.. (In Persian)
71) Regnier V, Pynoos J (1987) ’ Housing of the aged: Design directives and policy.
72) Riger, S & Lavrakas, P.J (1981)’ Community ties: patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 9, 55-66.
73) Riley R (1992)’ Attachment to the Ordinary Landscape, In I. Altman, SM Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, New York, Plenum Press.
74) Rivlin, L (1987)’ The neighborhood, personal identity and group affiliation, In I. Altman and A. Wandersman (Eds.), Neighborhood and Community Environments, Plenum Press, New York.
75) Saadati S P, Mozafar F, Hojat I. Identifying Effective Factors in Creating Home Attachment Based Using Grounded Theory (Case Study: Residential Units in Isfahan). JHRE 2019; 37 (164) :85-100
URL: http://jhre.ir/article-1-1580-fa.html.
76) Sajjadzadeh, H. (2013) ’ Role of Place Attachment in Making Identity for Urban Squares (A Case Study: Avicenna Square, Hamedan). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 10(25), 69-78. (In Persian)
77) Sadeqi Fereshteh, R, Daneshgar Moqadam, G, Dejdar, O. (2013)’ Studying the relationship between skeletal scheme of residential complexes and sense of interest to the place among the residents Print’, Urban Management, 10(30), 253-264. (In Persian)
78) Scannell, Leila & Gifford, Robert (2010) ’Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 1-10.
79) Shumaker, S.A., and Taylor, R.B. (1983) ’ Toward a clarification if people-place relationships: A model of attachment to place, In N. R. Feimer and E. S. Geller (Eds.) , Environmental Psychology: Directions and perspectives, New York, Praeger, pp.119-251.
80) Stewart, M (1992) ’ Mobility and Housing Needs in Urban Europe: Report to the European Commission (DGV). Bristol: SAUS Publications.
81) Talischi, Gh, Rezaei, S. (2019) ’ The Role of Faculties’ Public Open Spaces on Students’ Place Attachment; Case Study: Faculty of Fine Arts of University of Tehran’, ARMANSHAHR Architecture & Urban Development, 12 (28), 59-73. (In Persian)
82) Taghi Pirbabaei M, Gharehbaglou M, Alinam Z. Place Attachment Process in Urban Studies: A Cognitive Psychology Approach. Advances in Cognitive Sciences (2015)’ 17 (1) :46-59
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-325-fa.html). (In Persian)
83) Zarghami E, Sadat S A. A comparative analysis of indicators of housing on the basis of today's Persian-Islamic culture with apartment housing. Naqshejahan (2016)’ 6 (2) :60-72
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-500-fa.html. (In Persian)
84) Zarifpour Langeroudi, A, Alborzi, F, Sohili, J. (2020)’ Explaining the role of urban views in creating place attachment for citizens (Case Study: Tehran Residential Views)’, Research and urban planning, 11 (40), 217-232. (In Persian)
85) Zarini, E., Kameli, M. (2017)’ Investigating the relationship between security, attachment to place and the economic components of the city of a case study: Qom city, Geography (Quarterly scientific-research and international geography of Iran), 15 (52), 355-365. (In Persian)
86) Zamani, B., & Honaravar, M. (2018). Investigation of Place Attachment Factors in Urban Neighborhoods, Case Studies: Dardasht, Charsoghiha, Mollasadra and Doteflan Neighborhoods of Isfahan. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 10(21), 161-172.
