ارایه الگوی جامع موبینگ (ترور روحی) در محیط کار با تأکید بر محیطهای آموزشی؛ پیشایندها، ابعاد و پیامدها
الموضوعات :
سید علی کوشازاده
1
,
محبوبه اسدزاده
2
1 - دکتری مدیریت منابع انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، استادیار موسسه آموزش عالی اسرار
2 - کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازاریابی، دانشگاه سمنان
تاريخ الإرسال : 06 الأحد , صفر, 1438
تاريخ التأكيد : 22 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1440
تاريخ الإصدار : 14 الخميس , ربيع الأول, 1440
الکلمات المفتاحية:
موبینگ,
قلدری سازمانی,
آزار و پرخاشگری در محیط کار,
محیط آموزشی,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از عوامل اثرگذار روحی-عاطفی در محیطهای کاری و آموزشی که وجود و اثرات منفی فردی و سازمانی آن کمتر مدنظر قرار گرفته، موبینگ (ترور روحی) است. موبینگ فعالیتهای روحی-عاطفی با نمودهای گفتاری و رفتاری است که فرد (موب کننده) به‌گونه‌ای رفتار می‌کند تا طرف مقابل (قربانی موب شده) در شرایط ناامن قرار گرفته و گاه مجبور به ترک سازمان شود.
هدف این مطالعه علمی-مروری از نوع توصیفی و مبتنی بر صبغه کتابخانه‌ای، آن است که با کاوش مطالعات نظری و میدانی جهانی، به تعریف موبینگ، مراحل و ابعاد آن بپردازد؛ عوامل مرتبط (پیشایندها و پیامدهای) آن را بررسی کند؛ مهم‌ترین الگوهای مطرح شده، الگوی جامع توسعه‌یافته عوامل مرتبط با موبینگ و راهکارهایی برای مدیریت و کاهش آن ارایه دهد.
نتیجه مطالعه حاضر نشان می‌دهد در محیطهای کاری و آموزشی، رفتارهای موبینگ شامل هفت بعد مختلف، عوامل مؤثر و پیامدهای مخرب (فردی، شغلی، سازمانی، روانی-اجتماعی) است که ضرورت شناخت و مدیریت آنها، انجام مطالعات دقیق میدانی و بومی در هر محیط سازمانی و آموزشی خاص آن را ایجاب می‌کند. تقویت مربی‌گری، رفتارهای شهروندی سازمانی، شفافیت سازمانی، اخلاق کاری-حرفه‌ای، هوش معنوی و هیجانی، مدیریت تعارض و پویایی‌های تیمی، راهکارهای کاهش موبینگ و هم‌افزایی فعالیت‌ها برای تحقق اهداف فردی و سازمانی است.
المصادر:
References
Abbas, E. & Necati, C. (2014). Causes of mobbing behavior: 5th world conference on educational sciences-wces 2013, procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 3669–3678.
Acar, P. Kiyak, M. & Sine, B. (2014). The relationship between organizational culture and mobbing: An application on construction companies, Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 29(4), pp. 281-298.
Akinci Z. & Güven, M. (2015). A study on investigation of the relationship between mobbing and depression according to genders of high school students, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, pp. 159–1605.
Aydan, A. Mustafa, O. & Tuna, S. (2012). Behaviors perceived as mobbing by the instructors assignedin special education institutions, journal of social and behavioral sciences, 46, pp. 4858–4863.
Bulutlar, F & Oz, E. U. (2008). The effects of ethical climates on bullying behavior in the workplace, Journal of Business Ethics, 86, pp. 273-295.
Bassman, E. S. (1992). Abuse in the Workplace: Management Remedies and Bottom Line Impact.
Bayram, S. & Mehmet, C. & Mesut, C. & Nuri, Y. (2012). Assessment of Turkish junior male physicians’ exposure to mobbing behavior, Croatian Medical Journal, 53(4), pp.357-366.
Brunner, P. W. & Costello, M. L. (2003). When the wrong woman wins: Building bullies and perpetuating patriarch, Advancing Women in Leadership, Avalaible at: www. awljournal.org/spring2003/BRUNNE~1.HTML.
Celep, C. & eminoglu, E. (2012), Primary school teacher's experience with mobbing and teacher's self-efficacy perceptions, journal of social and behavioral sciences, 46, pp. 4761–4774.
Celik, S. & peker, S. (2010). Mobbing perceptions of high school teacher, journal of social and behavioral sciences, 9, pp. 1617–1623.
Cobanoglu, G. (2005). Mobbing; Yerinde Duygusal Saldırı ve Mücadele Yöntemler, Timaş Yayınları Psikoloji Dizisi, pp. 34-35.
Cortina l. M. (2008). Unseen injustice: incivility as modern discriminationin organizations: Academy of management review,33, pp. 55–75.
Davenport, N. & Schwartz, R. D. & Elliott, G. P. (2002). Mobbing: Emotional abuse in the American workplace. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
Dentith, A. M., Wright, R. R. & Coryell, J. (2014). Those Mean Girls and Their Friends: Bullying and Mob Rule in the Academy, adult learning, 26(1), pp. 28-34.
Di martino, V. (2002). Workplace violence in the health sector country case studies: Brazil, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand and an additional Australian study, Geneva. Avalaible at: www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/injury/en/WVsynthesisreport.pdf
Djurkovic, N., McCormack, D. & Casimir, G. (2004). The physicaland psychological effects of workplace bullying and theirrelationship to intention to leave: a test of the psychosomaticand disability hypotheses. International journal of organizationtheory and behavior, 7, pp. 469–497.
Duff, Y. M. & Sperry, L. (2007). Workplace mobbing: Individual and family health consequences, The Family Journal, 15(4), pp. 398–404.
Duff, Y. M. & Sperry, L. (2012). Mobbing: causes, consequences, and solutions, Oxford University Press.
Duffy, M. and Sperry, L. (2014). Overcoming mobbing: a recovery guide for workplace aggression and bullying, Oxford University Press.
Einarsen S. & Mikkelsen G. (2003). Individual effects of exposureto bullying at work. In: bullying and emotional abuse inthe workplace, international perspectives in research and practice, pp. 127–144.
Einarsen, S. & raknes, B. & Matthiesen, S. (1994). Bullying andharassment at work and their relationships to work environmentalquality: an exploratory study, The European work andorganizational psychologist, 4, pp. 381–401.
Elçi, M., Erdilek, M. K., Alpkan, L. & Şener, I. (2014). The Mediating Role of Mobbing on the Relationship between, Organizational Silence and Turnover Intention, 10th International Strategic Management Conference, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, pp. 455–464.
Ertürk, A. & Cemaloğlu, N. (2014). Causes of Mobbing Behavior, 5th World Conference on Educational Sciences, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, pp. 3669–3678.
Escartı´n, j. & Zapf, D. & Arrieta C. & Rodrı´guez-carballeira, A.(2011). Workers’ perception of workplace bullying: a crossculturalstudy, European journal of work and organizationalpsychology, 20, pp. 178–205.
Fariaa, J. R., Mixon, F. G. & Salter, S. P. (2012). An economic model of workplace mobbing in academe, Economics of Education Review, 31, pp. 720–726.
Fazal, U. R., Farwida, J., Aminullah, K., Tariq, N. & Shabir, H. (2015). Determining the Effects of Mobbing on Organizational Commitment: A Case of Educational Sector in Pakistan, Journal of Education and Practice, 6(22), pp. 101-105.
Gok, S. (2011), Prevalence and types of mobbing behavior: A research on banking employees,International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), pp. 318-334.
Gonzalez-trijueque, D. & Gran˜a, J. L. (2009). El Acoso psicolo´gicoen el lugar de trabajo: prevalencia y ana´ lisis descriptivo enuna muestra multiocupacional [workplace bullying: prevalenceand descriptive analysis in a multiocupational simple].Psicothema, 21, pp. 288–293.
Hauge, L. J., Skogstad, A. & Einarsen, S. (2010). The relativeimpact of workplace bullying as a social stressor at work,Scandinavian journal of psychology, 51, pp. 426-433.
Hoel, H. & Cooper, C. (2000). Destructive conflict and bullying at work, Manchester: school of management, University of Manchester Institute Science and Technology (umist). Avalaible at: www.adapttech.it/old/files/document/19764Destructiveconfl.pdf
Hoel, H. & Salin, D. (2003). Organizational antecedents of bullying.In: Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: Internationalperspectives in research and practice, Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D. & Cooper, C., Taylor & Francis, pp. 203-218.
Hugo, F., Pedro, R., Gil, M., Ester, G., Marta, L. &Juan, A. G. (2012). Influence of some psychosocial factors on mobbing and its consequences among employees working with people with intellectual disabilities, journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities, 25, pp. 455–463.
Kara, D., Kim, H. L. & Uysal, M. (2015). The effect of manager mobbing behavior on female employees’ quality of life, Current Issues in Tourism, pp. 1-15.
Keashly, L. (1998). Emotional abuse in the workplace: conceptual and empirical issues, journal of emotional abuse, 1, pp. 85–117.
Lane, A. L. (2013). Antecedents to Mobbing, Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Marshall University.
Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and Psychological terror at workplaces, Violence and victims, 5, pp. 119–126.
Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work, European journal of work and organizational psychology, 5, pp. 165–184.
Matthiesen, S. B. & Einarsen, S. (2007). Perpetrators and targets of bullying at work: role stressand individual differences, violence and victims, 2, pp. 735-750.
Metzger, A. Petit, A. & Sieber, S. (2015). Mentoring as a Way to Change a Culture of Academic Bullying and Mobbing in the Humanities, Higher Education for the Future, 2(2), pp. 139-150.
Mikkelsen, E. & Einarsen, S. (2001). Relationships between exposure to bullying at work andpsychological and psychosomatic health complaints: the role of state negative affectivity andgeneralized self-efficacy: Scandinavian journal of psychology, 43, pp. 397–405.
Mohd, Y. Y., Dempster, M. & Stevenson, C. (2014). Work Conflict-Inappropriate behavior (harassment, bullying & mobbing) at Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, available at: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814023271.
Namie, G. (2000). The workplace bullying, USA research, Avalaible at: www.workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/N-N-2000.pdf
Neuman, J. H. & Baron, R. A. (2003). Social antecedents of bullying: A social interactionist perspective, pp. 201–226, In: Bullying and harassment in the workplace: developments in theory, research and practice, Einarsen, s., Hoel, H. and Zapf, D., (2010), CRC Press.
Neuman, J. H. & Baron, R. A. (2005). Aggression in the workplace:a social psychologicalperspective.pp. 13-40, In: counterproductivework behavior: investigations of actors and targets, American psychological association,Washington DC.
Niedl, K. (1996). Mobbing and well-being, European journal of work and organizational psychology,5, pp. 239–249.
Quine, L. (1999). Workplace bullying in the community trust: staff questionnaire survey, Business &management journal, 318, pp. 228–232.
Rodríguez, M. (2007). Inteligencia emocional en situaciones de estrés laboral. España: Amares.
Sa, L. & Fleming, M. (2008), Bullying, burnout and mental health among Portuguese nurses, Issues in mental health nursing, 29, pp. 411-426.
Serkan, A. & Hakan, K. (2016). Relationship between mobbing and intention to leave in hotel industry: journal of tourism and Gastronomy studies, (4)1, pp. 14-20.
Somunoğlu et al. (2013). Mobbing in Health Sector: Sample of University Hospital, Journal of Health Management, 15(2), pp. 169–175.
Sperry, L. (2009). Workplace bullying and mobbing: the influenceof individual, work group, and organizational dynamicson abusive workplace behavior, Consulting psychology journal:practice and research, 61, pp. 190–201.
Tigrel, E. Y. and Kokalan, O. (2009). Academic Mobbing in Turkey, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 3(7), pp. 1473-1481.
Tinaz, P., Bayram, F. & Ergin, H. (2008). Çalışma Psikolojisi ve Hukuki Boyutlarıyla İşyerinde Psikolojik Taciz (Mobbing), İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
Tengilimo˘glu, D., Mansur, F. A. & Dziegielewski, S. F. (2010). The Effect of the Mobbing on Organizational Commitment in the Hospital Setting: A Field Study, Journal of Social Service Research, 36, pp. 128–141.
Westhues, K. (2006). The story behind the story-mob Rule, Availableat: www.kwesthues.com/chronicle.htm
Yildirim, H and Uysaloglu, B. (2012). Impact of demographic factors on employee’s perception of mobbing: A case study from a logistics company, 8th International Strategic Management Conference, Procedia, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, pp. 634–644.
Yildirim, D., Yildirim, A. & Timucin, A. (2007). Mobbing behaviors encountered by nurse teaching staff, Nursing Ethics, 14(4), pp. 447-463.
Vandekerckhove, W. & Commers, M. S. R. (2003). Downward Workplace Mobbing: A Sign of the Times?, Journal of Business Ethics, 45, pp. 41–50.
Yuksel, M. & Tuncsiper, B. (2011). The relationship between mobbing and organizationalcommitment in the workplace, int. Review of management & marketing, 1, pp. 54-64.
Zapf, D. & Einarsen, S. E. (2005). Mobbing at work. Escalated conflicts in Organizations. In: S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive workplace behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 237-270). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Zapf, D. & Gross, C. (2001). Conflict escalation and coping withworkplace bullying: A replication and extension, Europeanjournal of work and organizational psychology, 10, pp. 497-522.
_||_
