تاثیر شاخص توسعه انسانی بر نرخ ازدواج در کشورهای منتخب عضو OECD و غیر OECD
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
ابوالفضل شاه آبادی
1
(استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران)
فاطمه سادات حسینی
2
(کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: امید به زندگی, نرخ ازدواج, توسعه انسانی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر شاخص توسعه انسانی بر نرخ ازدواج در کشورهای منتخب عضو OECD و غیر OECD انجام گرفته است. روش: روش این پژوهش از نوع پانل دیتا و جامعه آماری شامل 66 کشور طی دوره زمانی 2000-2018 بوده است. با توجه به هدف پژوهش، کشورها به2 گروه کشورهای عضو OECD و غیر OECD تقسیم شده‌اند. تحلیل داده‌ها و برآورد ضرایب با استفاده از روش «گشتاور تعمیم‌یافته سیستمی دو مرحله‌ای» و نرم‌افزار STATA16 انجام گرفته است. سازگاری تخمین‌زن GMM به فرض معتبر بودن متغیرهای ابزاری و عدم همبستگی جملات خطا بستگی دارد که در این تحقیق از آزمون هانسن-جی و آرلانو-باند به منظور بررسی این دو فرض استفاده شده است. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد شاخص توسعه انسانی تاثیر منفی و معناداری بر نرخ ازدواج در دو گروه کشورهای مورد مطالعه طی دوره زمانی 2018-2000 داشته است. همچنین ضرایب زیرشاخص‌های درآمد و امید به زندگی نیز در هر دو گروه منفی و معنادار بوده است. نتایج تکمیلی نیز حاکی از تاثیر منفی و معنادار زیر شاخص آموزش در گروه کشورهای غیرOECD می‌باشد؛ اما معناداری این زیرشاخص در گروه کشورهای عضو OECD تأیید نشده است. جمع‌بندی: تصمیم به ازدواج تنها زمانی اتفاق می‌افتد که از نظر اقتصادی، اجتماعی و یا حتی فرهنگی منطقی به نظر برسد. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، شاخص توسعه انسانی و زیرشاخص‌های آن تاثیر منفی و معناداری بر نرخ ازدواج در هر دو گروه کشورهای مورد مطالعه داشته است و تفاوت معناداری از این منظر بین دو گروه کشور وجود ندارد.
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