تحلیلی بر علل گرایش به اقتصاد غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی با تأکید بر اشتغال کولبری (مطالعه موردی: شهر سردشت)
الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
افشین متقی دستنایی
1
(دانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.)
مهتاب امرایی
2
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
آرش قربانی سپهر
3
(دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارمی، تهران، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: سردشت, اشتغال غیررسمی, شهر مرزی, کولبری,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: یکی از مهم‌ترین مشاغل غیررسمی در شهرهای مرزی ایران اشتغال کولبری است. هم اکنون با توجه به شرایط اقتصادی در شهر سردشت کولبری بهعنوان شغل بیش‌تر مردم فقیر این شهر در حال افزایش است. این پژوهش به بررسی و تحلیل علل اقتصادی گرایش مردمان شهر سردشت به اشتغال کولبری میپردازد. روش: نوع پژوهش، کاربردی و روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری دادهها از روشهای کتابخانهای، منابع الکترونیکی و مطالعات میدانی مصاحبه و پرسش‌نامه محققساخته استفاده شده است. تعدا 160 نفر از کولبران شهر سردشت بر اساس نمونهگیری گلوله برفی بهعنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل یافتهها از طریق نرمافزار SPSS 26 و با استفاده از درصد و فراوانی و آزمون خی دو و پایایی پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ (مقدار 0.70) صورت گرفت. یافتهها: نتایج بدست آمده از آزمون خی دو حاکی از آن است که بین علت اشتغال به کولبری و متغیرهای؛ جنسیت، محل تولد، علت مهاجرت به شهر، تعداد اعضای خانوار، سطح تحصیلات، نوع کالاهای که عمدتاً حمل شده، مخارج ماهیانه، روش آشنایی و ورود به شغل کولبری و نوسانات درآمدی شغل کولبری در فصول گوناگون رابطهای معنادار وجود ندارد، اما بین علت گرایش به کولبری و سن، شغل قبلی هم‌چنین، متغیرهای؛ وضعیت تأهل، حقوق ماهیانه، منبع درآمدی دوم و جدای از کولبری، شغل آتی، امنیت شغلی، رضایت شغلی و مدت اشتغال به کولبری با علل گرایش به کولبری رابطهای معنادار وجود دارد. نتیجهگیری: نتایج بدست آمده از رگرسیون خطی چند متغیره نشان میدهد که 35 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته ناشی از متغیرهای مستقلی است که وارد مدل نهایی تحلیل شدهاند و مقدار آزمون برای تعیین معناداری اثر متغیرهای مستقل بر میزان علل گرایش به اشتغال کولبری 000/0 با سطح معنیداری 95/0 است.
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