حسابداری ردپای آب محصولات زراعی اصلی در استان فارس
الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزینیلوفر اشک تراب 1 , منصور زیبایی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاوری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.
2 - استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاوری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: استان فارس, دهستان, اجزای ردپای آب, ردپای آب سفید, محصولات زراعی منتخب,
ملخص المقالة :
توسعه اقتصادی-اجتماعی، رشد جمعیت و تغییر اقلیم چالش های عمده‌ای را برای پایداری و امنیت غذایی ایجاد کرده‌اند و منابع آب که برای حیات بشر، معیشت پایدار و حفظ زیست بوم‌ها ضروری است، تحت فشار واقع شده است. وضعیت موجود منابع آب در ایران و روند گرایشات حاکم بر آن به خوبی ضرورت مدیریت تقاضا و تعدیل مصرف آب را نشان می‌دهد. در این راستا ایجاد حسابداری ردپای آب با فراهم کردن اطلاعات لازم، زمینه را برای شناسایی جریان‌های آب مجازی، مدیریت کارآمد تقاضای آب، افزایش بهره‌وری انواع آب و اصلاح سیاست‌های تجاری فراهم می‌سازد. در این مطالعه ردپای آب برای شش محصول گندم، جو، شلتوک، ذرت دانه‌ای، چغندرقند و گوجه‌فرنگی در سطح استان فارس محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بر اساس اطلاعات و آمار سال زراعی 96-95، مجموع ردپای آب در تولید محصولات مورد مطالعه که حدود 60 درصد اراضی آبی و دیم استان فارس را تشکیل می‌دهند، حدود 6/6 میلیارد مترمکعب در سال می‌باشد.
Ababaei, B. and Ramezani Etedali, H. (2014). Estimation of Water Footprint Components of Iran’s Wheat Production: Comparison of Global and National Scale Estimates. Journal Environmental Process, 1:193-205.
- Ababaei, B. and Ramezani Etedali, H. (2017). Water footprint assessment of main cereals in Iran. Agriculture Water Management, 179: 401-411.
- Agricultural Technical and Engineering Research Institute. (2015). Improving water productivity. Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Authors: Abbasi, F. Naseri, A. Sohrab, F. Baghani, J. Abbasi, N. and Akbari, M. (In Persian).
- Allan, J.A. (1998). Fortunately, There Are Substitutes for Water: Otherwise Our Hydro Political Futures Would Be Impossible. Overseas Development Administration, London (United Kingdom).
- Aldaya, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010). The water needed for Italians to eat pasta and pizza. Agricultural System, 103:351–360.
- Aquastat. (2010). FAO Aquastat China Country Profile. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries regions/Iran/index.stm
- Arabiyazdi, A. Niknia, N. Majidi, N. and Emami, H. (2014). Evaluating water security in dry regions from the perspective of water footprint index (case study: South Khorasan). Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 8(4): 735-746. (In Persian)
- Babazadeh, H. and Saraeiabrizi, M. (2012). Assessing the agricultural situation of Hormozgan province from the perspective of virtual water. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 26(4):485-499. (In Persian)
- Casolani, N. Pattara, C. & Liberator, L. (2016). Water and Carbon footprint perspective in Italian durum wheat production. Land Use Policy, 58: 394–402.
- Chapagain, A. K. Hoekstra, A. Y. & Savenije, H. H. G. (2006). Water saving through international trade of agricultural products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10:455–468.
- Chouchane, H. Krol, M.S. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2018). Virtual water trade patterns in relation to environmental and socioeconomic factors: A case study for Tunisia. Science of the Total Environment, 613–614:287–297.
- Chukalla, A.D. Krol, M.S. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2015). Green and blue water footprint reduction in irrigated agriculture: effect of irrigation techniques, irrigation strategies and mulching. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19: 4877–4891.
- Dalin, C. Hanasaki, N. Qiu, H. Mauzerall, D. L. & Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (2014). Water resources transfer through Chinese interprovincial and foreign food trade. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(27): 9774–9779.
- Dehghanpour, H. & Bakhshoodeh, M. (2008). Investigating the limiting aspects of virtual water in Marvdasht region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Industries, 8:87-95. (In Persian)
- Ding, N. Liu, J. Yang, J. & Lu, B. (2018). Water footprints of energy sources in China: Exploring options to improve water efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174: 1021-1031.
- D'Odorico, P. Carr, J. Laio F. & Ridol, L. (2012). Spatial organization and drivers of the virtual water trade: a community-structure analysis. Environmental Research Letter, 7(3):034007.
- Fader, M. Rost, S. Muller, C. Bondeau, A. & Gerten, D. (2010). Virtual water content of temperate cereals and maize: present and potential future patterns. Journal of Hydrology, 384 (3–4):218–231.
- Fars Meteorological Bureau. (2018). Statistics and information, maps and tables and climatic classification of -Fars province. (In Persian)
- Fars Province Governor Office. (2017). General and economic appearance of Fars province. Deputy for Economic Affairs and Resource Development Coordination, Investment Attraction and Support Office. (In Persian)
- Gleik, P. H. (1993). Water Conflict. Fresh Water Resources and International Security, 18(1): 79-112.
- Gerbens-Leenes, W. Hoekstra, A.Y. & van der Meer, T.H. (2009). The water foot print of bioenergy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (25): 10219–10223.
- Hanasaki, N. Fujimori, S. Yamamoto, T. Yoshikawa, S. Masaki, Y. Hijioka, Y. Kainuma, M. Kanamori, Y., Masui, T. & Takahashi, K. (2013b). A global water scarcity assessment under Shared Socio-economic Pathways–Part 2: Water availability and scarcity. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(7): 2393-2413.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. & Hung, P.Q. (2002). Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 11, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. (2003). Virtual water trade: Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade, Delft, The Netherlands, 12–13 December 2002, Value of Water Research Report Series No.12, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. & Hung, P.Q. (2005). Globalisation of water resources: international virtual water flows in relation to crop trade. Global Environmental Change, 15(1): 45-56.
- Hoekstra, A. Y. & Chapagain, A. K. (2007). Water footprints of nations: water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resource Management, 21:35-48.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. & Chapagain, A. K. (2008). Globalization of water: Sharing the planet’s freshwater resources. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
- Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. and Mekonnen, M.M. (2009). Water footprint manual: State of the art 2009, Water Footprint Network, Enschede, the Netherlands.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. Chapagain, A.K. Aldaya, M.M. & Mekonnen, M.M. (2011). The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard, Water Footprint Network, Enschede, the Netherlands.
- Jefferies, D. Muñoz, I. Hodges, J. King, V.J. Aldaya, M. Ercin, A. E. Milà i Canals, L. & Hoekstra, A.J. (2012). Water Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment as approaches to assess potential impacts of products on water consumption. Key learning points frm pilot studies on tea and margarine. Journal of Cleaner Production, 33: 155-166.
- Liu, J. Zehnder, A. J. B. & Yang, H. (2007). Historical trends in China’s virtual water trade, Water International, 32(1): 78–90.
- Liu, J. Zehnder, A.J.B. & Yang, H. (2009). Global consumptive water use for crop production: the importance of green water and virtual water. Water Resource Reservation, 45: W05428.
- Liu, J. & Yang, H. (2010). Spatially explicit assessment of global consumptive water uses in cropland: green and blue water. Journal of Hydrology, 384:187–197.
- Lovarelli, D. Bacenetti, J. & Fiala, M. (2016). Water footprint of crop productions: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 548–549: 236–251.
- Lovarelli, D. Ingrao, C. Fiala, M. & Bacenetti, J. (2018). Beyond the Water Footprint: A new framework proposal to assess freshwater environmental impact and consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 4189-4199.
- Marano, R.P. & Filippi, R.A. (2015). Water Footprint in paddy rice systems. Its determination in the provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, Argentina. Ecological Indicator, 56:229–236.
- Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011). The green, blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products. Volume 1: Main Report, Research Report Series No. 48
- Ministry of agriculture-Jahad. (2016). http://www.maj.ir
- Ministry of Agriculture, Deputy Minister of Planning and Economy, Information and Communication Technology Center. (2016). Agricultural Statistics, Crop Year 1394-95, Volume One: Crop Products. Ministry of Agriculture Publications. (In Persian).
- Montazer, A. A. Zadbagher, A. & Heidari, N. (2008). Development of virtual water evaluation model of irrigation networks using hierarchical analysis process. Journal of Water and Soil, 33(4): 77-89. (In Persian)
- Mubako, S. T. (2011). Frameworks for estimating virtual water flows among U.S. states (Doctoral Dissertations, University of Carbondale).
- Omidi, F. & Homaei, M. (2014). Deriving Crop Production Functions to Estimate Wheat Virtual Water and Irrigation Water Price. Cereal research, 5(2):131-143. (In Persian)
- Perry, C. (2014). Water footprints: path to enlightenment, or false trail?. Agricultural Water Management, 134:119–125.
- Pourjafarinezhad, A. Alizadeh, A. & Neshat, A. (2012). Investigating the ecological footprint of water and virtual water characteristics in pistachio and date products in Kerman province. Irrigation and Water Engineering of Iran, 4(13):80-89. (In Persian)
- Rodriguez, C.I. de Galarreta, V.R. & Kruse, E.E. (2015). Analysis of water footprint of potato production in the pampean region of Argentina. Journal of Cleaner Production, 90:91–96.
- Rost, S., Gerten, D. Bondeau, A. Lucht, W. Rohwer, J. & Schapho, S. (2008). Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system. Water Resources Research, 44(9), W09405.
- Seekell, D. D’Odorico, P. & Pace, M. (2011). Virtual water transfers unlikely to redress inequality in global water use. Environmental Research Letter, 6(2):455–468.
- Shtull- Trauring, E. & Bernstein, N. (2018). Virtual water flows and water-footprint of agricultural crop production, import and export: A case study for Israel. Science of the Total Environment, 622–623:1438–1447.
- Siebert, S. & Doll, P. (2008). The Global Crop Water Model (GCWM): Documentation and First Results for Irrigated Crops. Frankfurt Hydrology Paper 07. Institute of Physical Geography, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Siebert, S. & Doll, P. (2010). Quantifying blue and green virtual water contents in global crop production as well as potential production losses without irrigation. Journal of Hydrology, 384:198–207.
- Steen-Olsen, K. Weinzettel, J. Cranston, G. Ercin, A. E. & Hertwich, E.G. (2012). Carbon, land, and water footprint accounts for the European Union: consumption, production, and displacements through international trade. Environment Science Technology. 16; 46(20):10883-91.
- Vorosmarty, C. J. Green, P. Salisbury, J. & Lammers, R. B. (2000). Global water resources: Vulnerability from climate change and population growth. Science‚ 289(5477): 284-288.
- Wilchens, D. (2014). Virtual water and water footprints do not provide helpful insight regarding international trade or water scarcity. Ecological Indicator, 52:277–283.
- World Bank. (2014). Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters). Data. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ER.H2O.FWTL.K3.
- Zhang, Y. Zhang, J-H. Tian, Q. Liu, Z-H. & Zhang, H-L. (2018). Virtual water trade of agricultural products: A new perspective to explore the Belt and Road. Science of the Total Environment, 622–623:988–996.
- Zhuo, L. Mekonnen, M. M. Hoekstra, A. Y. & Wada, Y. (2016). Inter- and intra-annual variation of water footprint of crops and blue water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin (1961-2009). Advances in Water Resources, 87: 21-41.
_||_