تحلیل فضایی مزیت نسبی اشتغال درگروه‌های عمده شغلی استان‌های کشور طی سال‌های 85 و 90 90

الموضوعات : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

مهدی جوانشیری ¹ , حمید شایان ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 - استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 20 الجمعة , شعبان, 1437 تاريخ التأكيد : 16 الثلاثاء , ذو القعدة, 1438 تاريخ الإصدار : 03 الإثنين , صفر, 1439

الکلمات المفتاحية: تحلیل عاملی, ضریب جینی, مزیت نسبی, مدل اقتصادپایه, تاپسیس و تحلیل رابطه خاکستری,

ملخص المقالة :

        برای تحقق اهداف برنامه­های توسعه کشور، هماهنگ نمودن اهداف ملی با واقعیت­های منطقه‌ای امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌باشد. بر همین اساس، تخصیص منابع باید بر اساس توانمندی ها و مزیت‌های نسبی مناطق صورت پذیرد. لذا، هر منطقه متناسب با ویژگی­های خاص خود نیازمند برنامه­های ویژه‌ای است که لازمه هرگونه اقدامی در این زمینه نیز شناسایی وضعیت گذشته و موجود مناطق مختلف بر اساس روش­های علمی مناسب می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر از نوع مطالعات کاربردی بوده که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی نگاشته شده و داده‌های موردنیاز از نتایج سرشماری­های 1385 و 1390 از مرکز آمار ایران به ‌دست ‌آمده است. برای بررسی مزیت نسبی و شناسایی پایه­ای و غیر پایه­ای بودن گروه­های عمده شغلی بر اساس مدل اقتصاد پایه (شاخص ضریب مکانی) عمل شد. همچنین میزان عدالت توزیعی با استفاده از پرکاربردترین شاخص­های آماری در این زمینه یعنی منحنی لورنز و ضریب جینی محاسبه شد. سپس سطح‌بندی استان­ها بر اساس مدل تحلیل عاملی، تاپسیس و تحلیل رابطه خاکستری انجام شد و در نهایت نقشه­های جغرافیایی میزان مزیت نسبی انواع گروه­های عمده شغلی در محیط نرم‌افزار ARC GIS، در سطح کشور نیز ترسیم شد که قطعاً برای سیاست‌گذاری مناسب در زمینه توسعه منطقه‌ای ضروری می‌باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دهنده، توزیع فضایی بسیار متعادل اشتغال در بخش تأمین خدمات زیربنایی (ضریب جینی 0.018) و در بخش کار و کسب با ضریب جینی 0.353 بیشترین عدم تعادل را در بین استان‌های کشور وجود دارد؛ که نشان دهندة شکاف زیاد بین استان­های کشور و توسعه نامتعادل استان‌ها با توجه به شاخص‌های مورد استفاده است. بر این اساس استان­های بوشهر، تهران، مازندران و گیلان بالاترین امتیاز نسبی را کسب کردند و از امکانات بیشتری برای اشتغال‌زایی برخوردارند. در مقابل استان­های سیستان و بلوچستان، لرستان و خوزستان از امتیازات نسبی پایین‌تری برای اشتغال‌زایی برخوردارند.

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