اثر تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت بر صفات رویشی و زایشی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان ماکو
الموضوعات :
رستم آقازاده
1
(اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ماکو، ماکو، ایران.)
اقدس همت‎زاده
2
(اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ماکو، ماکو، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, تاریخ کاشت, رشد, زعفران, فاصله کاشت, عمق کاشت,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت بر رشد و محصول دهی زعفران در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرستان ماکو، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ماکو در دو سال زراعی 1388و 1389 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح 25 شهریور و 7 مهر ماه، عمق کاشت در دو سطح 20 و 25 سانتی متر و فاصله کاشت در دو سطح 20 و 25 سانتی‎متر بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک گل، وزن تر و خشک کلاله، طول کلاله و سطح برگ گیاه تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف تاریخ، عمق و فاصله کاشت قرار گرفت، به طوری که شاخص های رشد و عملکرد گیاه مانند وزن تر و خشک گل و وزن تر و خشک کلاله در تاریخ کاشت اول (25 شهریور ماه) افزایش یافت. هم‎چنین عمق کاشت و فاصله کاشت بر صفات مورد نظر تأثیر داشته و بیشترین میزان عملکرد در فاصله کاشت کمتر و عمق کاشت کمتر به دست آمد.
Abrishami MH (1997) Saffron in Iran. Toos Publications. 320 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Adams RM (2000) Climate variability and climate change: Implications for agriculture. IRI Proceeding. Oregon State University, USA.
Ait- Aubahou A, El-Otmani M (1999) Saffron cultivation in Morocco. Harwood Academic Publication Amesterdum, The Nederlands. pp. 19-21.
Alavi- Shahri H (1989) The effect of method and density of saffron planting. Journal of Research Seed 15:135-145. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Amiri ME, Bozorgzadeh E (2006) Effect of N, P and Mg on yield of saffron. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28 -30 October 2006. Mashhad, Iran. pp. 26-34. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Amiri ME, Bozorgzadeh E (2006) Biomass and harvest index of saffron under Zanjancondition: Effect of corm size on saffron yield. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30 October 2006. Mashhad, Iran. pp. 29-37. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Beheshti A, Faravani M (2003) The effect of different planting proportions and densities on yield and yield component of saffron and caraway mixed cropping. 3rd National Congress of Saffron, 2-3 December, Mashhad, Iran. Pp. 27-31.
Daneshvar MH, Hemmatzadeh A (2009) Effect of planting distance and depth on growth and flowering of saffron in Maku condition. 3rd International Symposium on saffron Forthcoming Challenges in Cultivation Research and Economics. 20-23 May 2009, Krokos, Kozani, Greece. pp. 35-37.
Gresta F, Avola G, Lombardo GM, Siracusa L (2008) Analysis of flowering, stigmas yields and qualitative traits of saffron as affected by environmental conditions. Scientia Horticuture 25: 102-106.
Hemmati-Kakhki A, Hoseini M (2003) A review on saffron. Institute of Reresearch for Developing Technology. pp. 27-29. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Hoseini M, Mollafibi A, Nasiri Mahallati M (2009) The effect of temperature and raining on saffron yield. Journal of Iranian Agricultural Reseaerch 6: 79-88. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Kafi M (2002) Saffron, production and processing. Zaban va Adab Publications. 276 pp.
Koocheki A, Siyahmargoei A (2011) The effect of plant density and plant depth on agricultural characteristics of saffron. Journal of Agroecology 3: 36-49.
Koocheki A, Soltani A (1997) Plant ecophysiology. Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reserch, Mashhad. pp. 32-38.
Koocheki A (2006) Effect of corm size with and without storage on allocation of assimilate in different parts of saffron plant. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30 October 2006. Mashhad, Iran. pp. 39-42.
Mashayekhi M, Soltani K, Kasmkar B (2006) The relationship between corm weight and total flower and leaf number in saffron. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30 October 2006. Mashhad, Iran. pp. 42-46.
Mohammad Abadi AA (2006) Effect of row spacing and plant distance on flower yield and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage production of saffron. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30 October 2006. Mashhad, Iran. pp. 47-52.
Mokhtaria A, Rahimi H (2006) Investigation on influence of planting depth and summer irrigation on saffron yield and population variation of Rhizoglyphus robini in Gonabad. Final Report, Ferdoosi University, pp. 63-85. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Molina RV, Valero M, Navarro Y (2005) Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron. Scintia Horticulture 103: 361-379.
Mollafilabi A, Shoorideh H (2009) The new method of saffron production. 4th National Festival of Saffron, 27-28 October, Iran. pp. 38.
Naderi MR, Khaje-Bashi A (2008) The effect of planting method, density and depth on yield and exploition period of saffron. Isfahan seed and Plant Journal 24: 643-657. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Rostami M, Ahmadi A (2011) Effect of corm density and first irrigation date on saffron yield. Tropentag, October, 5-7: 112-116. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Sadeghi B, Negari K (2002) The effect of planting date on flowering of saffron. 3rdNational Congress of Saffron,2-3 December, Mashhad, Iran. pp. 48-56.
Sarmadnia A, Koocheki A (1996) Physiology of agricultural plants. Ferdowsi Mashhad University Publications, 467 pp. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Tammaro F (1999) Saffronin in Italy. Harwood Academic Publications:Amsterdam.154 pp.
Tareghian M (2006) Allelopathic effects of saffron leaves and corms extracts on germination and growth of its several dominant weeds. 2nd International Symposium of Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30 October, 2006. Mashhad, Iran.
Temperini O, Rea R (2009) Evaluation of saffron production in Italy: Effects of the age of saffron field and plant density. Food, Agriculture and Environment 7(1): 19- 23.
Timmer MJG, Vandervalk G (1983) Effect of planting density on the number and weight of tulip daughters bulb. Scientia Horticulturae 1: 193- 260.
Tookalloo MR, Rashed-Mohassel MH, Mollafilabi A (2007) The effect of planting date, corm weight and gibberllin concentration on quantity and quality characteristics of saffron. ISHS Acta Horticulture 850. pp. 233- 236.
Vafabakhsh J, Ahmadiyan J (2009) Investigation of correlation between saffron flowering pattern and climatological parameters under planting depth and summer irrigation treatments. 3rd International Symposium on Saffron. Research and Economics, 20-23 May, Korokos, Kozani, Gerrce. pp. 55-61. [In Persian with English Abstract].
_||_